中小企业员工安全参与行为演化路径研究

员工积极参与企业安全生产活动有助于营造良好安全生产氛围,提高安全生产水平。为弄清中小企业员工安全参与行为演化规律,充分调动员工安全参与积极性,借助演化经济学理论与方法,构建员工与中小企业交往支付矩阵。通过分析交往过程演化模型,揭示个体不同策略选择对群体行为的影响。用数值仿真,演示群体不同初始比例和不同参数变化对演化趋势和结果的影响。研究结果表明,"不认真参与,不考核"模式为"不良锁定"模式,参数的大小影响系统收敛速度和收敛结果;改良安全活动内容、效果以及构建规范的考核机制,有助于强化中小企业员工的安全参与行为。     

南李庄铁矿富含水段施工技术研究

大水基建矿山的井筒掘砌是一项艰巨的工程,尤其富含水且岩层松软破碎段更给施工带来了很多危险和不确定因素。怎样保证工程顺利进行,成为基建矿山面临的一个主要问题。国控矿业南李庄铁矿下掘至岩层破碎富含水段时,采用长探长注及超前小导管注浆的施工技术顺利通过此段。此施工技术确定了探注孔数及其布置,探注深度和下掘深度,注浆参数的控制,注浆过程控制,超前小导管施工的各项参数,小导管的加固方法等。通过长探长注及小导管的施工保证了下掘工作的顺利进行。     

尖山河小流域土壤可蚀性K值空间变异研究

小流域尺度的土壤可蚀性 K 值空间分异特征及其与土地利用、植被类型、土壤理化性质等相关关系的研究,可以为小流域土壤侵蚀定量研究及综合治理决策提供科学依据。以云南省抚仙湖库区尖山河小流域为研究区,在大密度土壤采样和土壤理化性质测试分析的基础上,采用EPIC模型K值计算方法、地统计学方法和Kriging空间插值方法,计算分析了尖山河小流域土壤可蚀性K值的空间变异特征及土地利用/植被覆盖对K值的影响作用。结果表明,（1）研究区K值变化范围为0.1628-0.3836,均值为0.2824,中值为0.2885,均值与中值相近似,表明K值分布较均匀;变异系数为17.98%, K值存在中等程度的空间变异性。（2）不同土壤质地类型的K值存在一定差异,研究区主要土壤质地类型K值从大到小依次为粉壤〉壤土〉粘壤〉砂壤。（3）研究区以中可侵蚀性（0.25-0.30）、中高可侵蚀性（0.30-0.35）和中低可侵蚀性（0.20-0.25）土壤为主,面积分别为1797.88 hm2、1185.51 hm2和542.32 hm2,分别占小流域总面积的50.76%、33.47%和15.31%,而高可侵蚀性（〉0.35）土壤和较低可侵蚀性（0.15-0.20）土壤分布面积较少,无低可侵蚀性（〈0.15）土壤;在空间分布上,北部高山区土壤具有中低可侵蚀性,中、南部的低海拔区土壤具有中高可侵蚀性,中、南部其余区域土壤具有中可侵蚀性,这种空间分布与海拔存在较强的相关关系。（4）土地利用/植被覆盖对K值具有明显的影响作用,研究区主要土地利用/植被覆盖类型 K 值从小到大依次为林地〈灌草地〈荒草地〈旱平地〈园地〈旱坡地〈水田,需频繁松土、除草、耕作和扰动的土地利用/植被覆盖类型（园地、旱坡地、旱平地和水田）其K值较大,而无需耕作、扰动小的土地利用/植被覆盖类型（林地、荒草地和灌草地）其K值较小,这表?     

Transitions to sustainability in small islands: combining foresight scenarios with multi-criteria analysis to develop viable sustainability strategies in an EOR

Islands face similar challenges for sustainability as continental areas, but their geographic situation conditions their options for development. However, thanks to their clear geographic boundaries, they are an opportunity to think about sustainability in an integrated way. The objective of the study was to explore from a local (island) and regional (archipelago) perspective strategies for sustainability. ‘Participative foresight scenario mapping’ (PFSM) methodology was used to explore the sustainable future of a small island (Flores Island, Azores, Portugal). The need to acknowledge the limit to growth is a key finding of this article. But the research also allowed us to analyse in depth specific strategies that can be applied to different sectors of activity, the most important being to: improve the quality of local products, diversify the economy and increase self-sufficiency. PFSM succeeded in identifying key themes and facilitating debate around these subjects. These findings can inform sustainable development in other islands or territories sharing similar geographic characteristics.     

Integrating disaster risk reduction in national development planning: experience and challenges of Jamaica

It is generally recognised by the disaster risk management and development communities that disasters have a negative impact on development, and indeed can set back development by years. This realisation led to a new paradigm for the management of hazards and their impacts, namely an integrated approach which emphasises disaster risk reduction being incorporated into national development planning. Awareness, however, does not necessarily translate into implementation. ‘Reduce the underlying risk factors’, Priority for Action 4 of The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, reported the lowest average score for progress of the five priority areas. Challenges to progress, as reported by Governments included inappropriate development practices, high levels of poverty and other factors which increase vulnerability. Various authors have recognised the difficulty of consistently and successfully integrating disaster risk reduction into development planning. This integration is particularly challenging for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) which face high exposure to hazards, vulnerable populations and limited resources, often both human and financial. The efforts of Jamaica, a Caribbean SIDS, at integrating disaster risk reduction into national development, and some factors which proved to be important in making progress are presented here. This retrospective paper is written from the perspective of a participant observer and traces developments in disaster risk management over three decades, 1980–2010. Integration and inclusiveness, use of quantitative methods and application of risk assessments are identified as being important in gaining acceptance for disaster risk reduction.     

环保台帐──中小企业废水治理监督的有效手段

中小企业废水达标治理是目前环保监督管理的难点。对企业废水治理工程物料、能源消耗建立台帐管理是弥补现有管理方式不足,强化企业有效处理废水制约机制的有效手段。     

Considering the locals: coastal construction and destruction in times of climate change on Anjouan,Comoros

The current discussion of anticipated climate change impacts and future sea level rise is particularly relevant to small island states. An increase in natural hazards, such as floods and storm waves, is likely to have a devastating impact on small islands' coastlines, severely affecting targeted sustainable development. Coastal erosion, notably human‐induced erosion, has been an ongoing threat to small island biodiversity, resources, infrastructure, and settlements, as well as society at large. In the context of climate change, the problem of coastal erosion and the debate surrounding it is gaining momentum. Before attributing associated impacts to climate change, current human activities need to be analysed, focusing not only on geomorphological and climatological aspects, but also on political and traditional cultural frameworks. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of the social‐political‐ecological systems analysis for adaptation strategies, and thus for future sustainable development. Coastal use is based on human constructs of the coast, as well as local perceptions and values ascribed to the coast. We use the case study of Anjouan, Comoros to differentiate between constructive and destructive practices on the coast, from both a mental and technical perspective. Beach erosion is described as more than a resource problem that manifests itself locally rather than nationally. Divergent political scales of interest impact future development as much as local action. Local action is not least framed by mental contribution and attribution of coasts as places for living, recreation and resource use. The present case study demonstrates that mental constructs of coasts as valuable areas can, in some cases, lead to the protection and preservation of beaches by initiatives of collective action. At the same time, local communities see the negative impacts of sand mining as causes of coastal erosion and, therefore, it is difficult to mobilize them to adapt to climate change and sea level rise.     

基于GIS分析的生态清洁小流域治理思路——以陕西省石泉县饶峰河小流域为例

生态清洁小流域建设对于维护重要水源区水生态安全具有极其重要的意义。以汉江上游的陕西省石泉县饶峰河小流域为研究对象,在对该小流域自然因素和社会经济因素进行调查的基础上,采用GIS空间分析方法,对该小流域治理区域进行精细划分。研究表明饶峰河小流域可划分7个不同的治理区域,分别为:生态修复区、坡耕地修复区、坡面治理区、坡耕地治理区、农田治理区、村镇综合治理区及河(沟)道周边整治区。根据各区域的污染产生特点,针对性地提出各区域治理方向,并进行治理措施配置。该研究可为生态清洁小流域精准治理提供一种新的建设思路。     

Assessing non‐metro recovery across two continents: issues and limitations

Rural and remote areas of countries such as Australia and the United States are less well‐resourced and often poorer than their city counterparts. When a disaster strikes, therefore, their long‐term recovery can be impeded by being situated ‘over the horizon'. Nonetheless, they are likely to enjoy higher social capital, with ‘locals’ banding together to help restore economic and social life in the wake of a calamitous incident. At the same time, a repeat of extreme events, springing in part from alteration to the landscape through intense human occupation, threatens to derail sustainable recovery processes everywhere, suggesting that renewed emphasis needs to be placed on preparedness. Improved metrics are also required, spanning both pre‐ and post‐disaster phases, to determine effectiveness. Moreover, a focus on the ‘hardening’ of towns offers a better return in limiting damage and potentially hastens the speed of recovery should these places later fall victim to extreme events.     

基于公众视角的中小化工企业环境风险研究

中小化工企业尽管能给当地政府带来可观的社会和经济效益,但同时也对其周边环境和居民健康造成严重威胁,已成为影响地方可持续发展的重要隐患。然而,公众如何看待中小化工企业造成的环境风险、企业与政府的环境管理和污染改善策略如何,目前还鲜有深入研究。本文基于河北省X县化工厂周边居民问卷调查(N=550),旨在了解公众对当地化工厂环境风险及管理的认知状况,分析影响公众环境风险认知的主要因素,并提出相应的政策建议。结果表明：了解化工厂管理情况和环保局监督情况的受访者分别占10.9%和7.5%;64%的受访者认为化工企业建成后环境质量变差,受访者认为化工厂给当地环境质量和居民健康带来风险的可能性比带来社会、经济利益的可能性更大。Spearman相关分析表明,受访者教育程度、家庭收入、生活经历等都会影响受访者的风险认知情况。最后基于调查结果从政府、企业环境信息的及时发布、化工企业排污管理以及政府、企业与公众的风险沟通方面提出改善管理的举措。