Ecological Connections between Gamasid Mites (Arachnida,Gamasoidea) and Small Mammals in Forest Biotopes of the Middle Volga Region

Host specificity of mites with respect to different species of small mammals in forest ecosystems was studied. The preferences of some parasites for certain host species differed from those described previously. In some cases, most parasites preferred to feed on the species that were most numerous in a certain biogeocenosis, rather than on their specific hosts. Conversely, other species of mites fed mostly on their specific hosts, irrespective of their low abundance, thus manifesting close connections with these mammals. Two mite species, Myonyssus dubinini and M. rossicus, were found in the study region for the first time.     

基于企业用电数据的大气污染防治工作研究进展

当前,我国处于“十四五”的关键发展时期,对于污染防治工作提出了“精准治污、科学治污、依法治污”的新要求。电力能源是企业的战略资源和核心生产要素,企业用电数据能够反映企业的经济运行、产业运转情况,具有非常大的数据挖掘价值,在大气污染防治领域的应用前景广阔。综述了目前国内外基于企业用电数据的企业污染排放模型构建、“散乱污”与“偷排漏排”企业识别监管、特别管控期间污染排放监管与评估及精细化大气污染源排放清单构建等方面的研究现状。结果表明：运用企业用电数据,能够实现对企业（尤其是小、微企业）污染物排放的精准监管,一定程度上弥补了环保监管在这方面的不足,极大提高了工作效率。总结了电力大数据在大气污染防治应用中需要注意的问题,并对后续电力数据在大气污染防治领域的深层次应用提出了建议。

     

乡镇企业可持续发展与小城镇建设

通过对乡镇企业的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益以及小城镇发展的优越性分析可知,乡镇企业不宜在农村发展,应该在小城镇中发展。     

基于气象-地形-水文-地质-人文耦合的滑坡灾害空间预警研究

广东省小流域地区滑坡灾害具有多发性、广泛性和严重性的特点,严重影响山区社会安定和经济发展.长期以来区域滑坡灾害预警和单体地质灾害稳定性研究总是在两个不同的体系下进行,二者缺乏有机联系,常用的滑坡灾害预警单元也不能反映成灾机理.以广东省梅州市程江流域的松岗小流域为研究区域,以斜坡单元为基本单元,以气象、水文、人文过程为主要参数,通过分析各参数与灾害形成的内在关系,结合GIS技术,构建气象-地形-水文-地质-人文耦合模型,并通过历史数据对模型进行验证,结果表明,该模型不仅提高了滑坡预测的空间精度,而且可对特定降雨条件下的滑坡灾害进行客观有效地预测.     

The Contribution of Headwater Streams to Biodiversity in River Networks1

Abstract: The diversity of life in headwater streams (intermittent, first and second order) contributes to the biodiversity of a river system and its riparian network. Small streams differ widely in physical, chemical, and biotic attributes, thus providing habitats for a range of unique species. Headwater species include permanent residents as well as migrants that travel to headwaters at particular seasons or life stages. Movement by migrants links headwaters with downstream and terrestrial ecosystems, as do exports such as emerging and drifting insects. We review the diversity of taxa dependent on headwaters. Exemplifying this diversity are three unmapped headwaters that support over 290 taxa. Even intermittent streams may support rich and distinctive biological communities, in part because of the predictability of dry periods. The influence of headwaters on downstream systems emerges from their attributes that meet unique habitat requirements of residents and migrants by: offering a refuge from temperature and flow extremes, competitors, predators, and introduced species; serving as a source of colonists; providing spawning sites and rearing areas; being a rich source of food; and creating migration corridors throughout the landscape. Degradation and loss of headwaters and their connectivity to ecosystems downstream threaten the biological integrity of entire river networks.     

Heavy Metals in the Environment of the Middle Urals and Their Effects on the Organism

The kinetics of accumulation of essential and toxic trace elements (TE) in vitally important organs were studied in small mammals typical of the Middle and Southern Ural fauna. The results revealed a discrepancy between the increased uptake of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu by animals and the virtually constant concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in their organs, which could be explained by the existence of special elimination systems activated upon excessive HM uptake. It is shown that HM accumulation in animal tissues is energy-dependent and species-specific, and the effects of highly toxic TE correlate with physiological processes.     

Using Social Network Analysis to examine the role that institutional integration plays in community-based adaptive capacity to climate change in Caribbean small island communities

Remote island communities in the Caribbean are known to be disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As a result, there is a need to better understand the factors that contribute to increasing local-scale adaptive capacity through large-scale adaptation projects. While it has been argued that strong institutional networks are highly influential in a community’s ability to leverage funds and to implement tailored adaptation projects, limited empirical research has been undertaken. Social Network Analysis was used to retrospectively evaluate the importance of institutional integration for enhancing adaptive capacity in the small island community of Paget Farm in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Paget Farm successfully adapted to a lack of fresh water through the implementation of a funded solar-powered desalination plant – and as a result the community represents an ideal case study for analysis. Results reveal that while the level of vertical integration varied throughout the temporal phases of the adaptation project, horizontal integration was consistently low. These findings suggest that high integration between institutions may not be required during all project phases in order to ensure success and that more consistent rather than high levels of integration between sectors may be more meaningful for enhancing adaptive capacity.     

The diet of juvenile lake trout Salmo trutta L. in rivers of the Onega basin in autumn

The diet of juvenile trout and the state of their food resources in autumn (September–November) were studied in two typical small rivers tributary to Lake Onega (Karelia) in 2003. The relationship between the composition of food objects among benthic and drifting invertebrates and the food spectrum of trout was analyzed. The results show that before freeze-up, despite the disappearance of aerial and terrestrial insects, juveniles trout continue active feeding. However, their feeding priorities change: they begin to take food objects directly from the bottom, as well as from the water surface and within the water column.     

中小企业工伤事故区域性特征的实证分析及对策研究

不同地区中小企业发生的工伤事故有其自身的特点和规律。通过对江苏省某市2001—2004年发生在中小企业的工伤死亡事故进行实证分析发现:该市工伤死亡事故集中发生在非煤矿山、建筑等6行业的中小企业中,事故类别以高处坠落、物体打击等6种为主;工龄较短的中青年职工在罹难者人数中所占比例较高;工伤死亡事故的发生频率夏季高于其他3个季节;事故发生的主要原因是违反操作规程。笔者认为:应促进企业增加安全投入,尤其要重视“软”投入;监管部门要明确安全监管重点,分类分级管理企业,以控制和预防工伤事故的发生。     

Readability of Characters on Mobile Phone Liquid Crystal Displays

Subject performance in reading characters on mobile phone liquid crystal displays was researched by using (a) English sentences with 3 or 4 different sizes of characters on 2 types of displays with different resolutions(n = 23; age = 31.0 ± 6.0 years), (b) Japanese characters in 3 different sizes and 2 types of font (n = 98; age = 44.5 ± 18.5 years), and (c) Japanese characters vertically enlarged 1—4 times (n = 120; age = 46.9 ± 18.6 years). Subjective evaluation, reading speed, number of reading errors, and viewing distance were recorded. Readability was higher with higher resolution displays, and with Gothic than with Mincho font in Japanese. Young subjects shortened the viewing distance as characters became smaller, whereas elderly subjects increased the viewing distance irrespective of the size of characters. Characters of 3–5 mm are appropriate for the young but inadequate for the elderly. Readability of Japanese characters improved when they were vertically enlarged to approximately twice the width.