小型环境实验舱用于评价空气净化材料净化效果

建立了用于评价被动式空气净化产品的小型环境模拟舱系统.系统以滤纸为净化材料载体,乙醛及丙酮为污染物,经过验证,空白实验及环境舱平行性良好,具有评价各类被动式空气净化产品的潜在应用价值.本实验应用此环境舱评价了2种二氧化钛光催化剂、2种超支化聚酰胺PAMAM-NH2及1种市售复合型空气净化剂的净化效果.结果表明,在经过24 h净化后,二氧化钛光触媒在自然光条件下对乙醛及丙酮的净化效率为12.2％ ～ 34.5％;超支化聚酰胺对乙醛的净化效率为35.2％ ～48.1％,对丙酮无净化作用;复合型空气净化剂对乙醛及丙酮的净化效率为15.7％ ～32.2％.     

小流域视角下生态—经济价值评估及补偿机制——以辽宁庄河市为例

为响应生态文明建设对生态效益和经济效益综合增长的需求,丰富国土空间研究的自然生态视角,以辽宁省庄河市为例,研究小流域地区生态价值核算及经济补偿问题。在坚持生态完整和划清事权原则下,通过叠加小流域区和行政区边界,构建“县域—小流域—次小流域—微流域+村域”分层级分单元的空间体系。在生态完整的小流域及次小流域单元尺度上,通过生态—经济相对优先模型计算单元间的生态补偿关系;在“微流域+村域”的基础单元尺度上,以国土空间保护与开发评价为基础,通过分单元分类管控的方式,确保生态补偿的实施和落地。通过构建生态—经济价值评估体系,探索适用于山地丘陵地区的国土空间保护与开发平衡发展的方式。     

高风险城市环境地铁小净距隧道近接隧道群施工方案优选

为优选高风险城市环境中小净距隧道近接施工方案,依托北京地铁19号线新草区间新建小净距隧道近接隧道群工程,利用有限差分软件FLAC3D,对工程采取管棚管幕预加固措施和改变施工顺序2种施工方案,并对2种方案下的位移控制效果进行研究.研究结果表明:采用管棚管幕预加固措施,并以东侧隧道完工后西侧隧道开挖的顺序施工,可有效控制位...     

建立环境管理体系与中小企业可持续发展

分析我国中小企业在当前国际市场环境下建立ISO1 4 0 0 1管理体系的必要性 ;提出中小企业建立环境管理体系的步骤 ;阐述了实施环境管理体系与中小企业可持续发展的关系 ;为中小企业进行环境管理体系建立实施提供参考。     

Savviness of prey to introduced predators

The prey naivety hypothesis posits that prey are vulnerable to introduced predators because many generations in slow gradual coevolution are needed for appropriate avoidance responses to develop. It predicts that prey will be more responsive to native than introduced predators and less responsive to introduced predators that differ substantially from native predators and from those newly established. To test these predictions, we conducted a global meta-analysis of studies that measured the wariness responses of small mammals to the scent of sympatric mammalian mesopredators. We identified 26 studies that met our selection criteria. These studies comprised 134 experiments reporting on the responses of 36 small mammal species to the scent of six introduced mesopredators and 12 native mesopredators. For each introduced mesopredator, we measured their phylogenetic and functional distance to local native mesopredators and the number of years sympatric with their prey. We used predator and prey body mass as a measure of predation risk. Globally, small mammals were similarly wary of the scent of native and introduced mesopredators; phylogenetic and functional distance between introduced mesopredators and closest native mesopredators had no effect on wariness; and wariness was unrelated to the number of prey generations, or years, since first contact with introduced mesopredators. Small mammal wariness was associated with predator-prey body mass ratio, regardless of the nativity. The one thing animals do not seem to recognize is whether their predators are native.     

Framework for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge for disaster risk reduction

A growing awareness of the value of indigenous knowledge has prompted calls for its use within disaster risk reduction. The use of indigenous knowledge alongside scientific knowledge is increasingly advocated but there is as yet no clearly developed framework demonstrating how the two may be integrated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards. This paper presents such a framework, using a participatory approach in which relevant indigenous and scientific knowledge may be integrated to reduce a community's vulnerability to environmental hazards. Focusing on small island developing states it presents an analysis of the need for such a framework alongside the difficulties of incorporating indigenous knowledge. This is followed by an explanation of the various processes within the framework, drawing on research completed in Papua New Guinea. This framework is an important first step in identifying how indigenous and scientific knowledge may be integrated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards.     

中国东南亚热带小流域混合农业区水文过程的实验研究(简报)

1ScopeIn the Sun Jia Catchment several gauging in-stallations are carefully put up to elucidate the hy-drology and the matter fluxes through the catch-ment.At present,it is already possible to quantifydistinct spatial differences in principal water flu-xes.The setup bears the potential to further deep-en the understanding of the small scale processesinvolved in lateral water fluxes and soil erosion.Multi-point monitoring of soil water potentials atvarious soil depths together with hydrograph…     

Estimating Ecological Value of Small Hydropower Using Contingent Valuation Method:An Application to Tongjiqiao Reservoir in Zhejiang Province,China

The small hydropower(SHP) will be less competitive in the absence of environmental value.The lack of information has become an important obstacle challenging decision-makers in resource-use choices.This paper is an application of contingent valuation method(CVM) in rural China to estimate the willingness-to-pay(WTP) for environmental services provided by exiting hydropower station.Using the single-bounded and dichotomouschoice CVM,the ecological value of Tongjiqiao Reservoir(TJQR) is estimated,and the annual mean WTPs of single-bounded and double-bounded CVM estimation are 141.05 and 219.52 Yuan(RMB)/a,respectively.The 95% confidence interval of annual WTP on an average is 118.47,166.79 Yuan(RMB)/a and 204.41,236.22(Yuan RMB)/a,respectively.In contrast,double-bounded model could obtain much more information of WTP of the investigated,thus reducing the confidence interval of estimation,and enhancing the estimation accuracy of the WTP.According to the estimated mean WTP of the double-bounded CVM,the total ecosystem service value of the TJQR is 15.54 million Yuan(RMB).Compared with the conventional electricity of fossil power and large hydropower,the SHP will be less competitive in the absence of non-market value,ignoring that the environmental impacts of existing SHP will undermine the healthy development of clean energy sector.     

中小化工燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术路线的选择

在分析了燃煤烟气脱硫方式以及中小化工燃煤锅炉特点的基础上,对中小化工燃煤锅炉适宜的烟气脱硫技术路线进行了技术经济比较.认为选择脱硫路线时应考虑技术的成熟度及可靠性、脱硫剂和运行的成本、副产物的利用等因素.建议在烟气量小于8×105 m3/h时采用干法脱硫工艺;在烟气量大于8×105 m3/h时采用石灰石-石膏法脱硫工艺...