玉溪尖山河小流域N的输出特点研究

对澄江尖山河小流域不同土地利用类型径流小区进行监测,并对地表径流中氮素的流失特征进行研究。结果表明：随着降雨量的不断增大,径流中的总氮和氨氮的输出浓度也有上升的趋势;在相同降雨条件下,各地类年平均总氮输出浓度为：农地7．955mg／L、人工林7．4886mg／L、次生林6．9836mg／L、灌草丛4．5188mg／L;氨氮的年平均输出浓度为：农地0．8474mg／L、人工林0．7286mg／L、次生林0．6514mg／L、灌草丛0．4782mg／L。农地的总氮输出浓度和氨氮输出浓度最大,人工林次之,灌草丛和次生林较小。研究结果表明,灌草丛和次生林较高的植物覆盖有效地保持了水分和土壤,从而也减缓了氮素的输出。     

液液小体积萃取气相色谱法测定水中丙烯酰胺

文章建立了溴化衍生-液液小体积萃取-气相色谱法-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)测定水中丙烯酰胺的方法。优化了前处理步骤,缩短了样品的处理时间,减少了试剂和样品的使用量。取20 mL水样,分别加入H2SO4、KBrO3、KBr,4℃下反应至少30 min,丙烯酰胺与新生溴反应生成2,3-二溴丙酰胺。加入Na2S2O3去除多余的溴,加无水硫酸钠于室温下溶解盐析,用2.0 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,取上层萃取液GC-ECD分析。用衍生物2,3-二溴丙酰胺的响应峰面积对水中丙烯酰胺的质量浓度绘制工作曲线,相关系数达到0.999 47。方法适用于饮用水、地表水中丙烯酰胺的测定,检出限可达到0.026μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为2.70%,加标回收率为80.67%¹00.43%。     

喀斯特小流域河流溶存甲烷浓度时空变化特征

以宜昌境内喀斯特河流下牢溪为研究对象,通过对流域内15个采样点为期1a间隔约2周1次的水量、水质及CH₄浓度同步监测,探讨河流溶存CH₄浓度时空变化规律及影响因素.结果表明：下牢溪溶存CH₄浓度变化范围为0.002~1.492μmol/L,全年平均浓度0.133μmol/L,整体表现为大气CH₄的源.河流溶存CH₄浓度呈现夏秋高、冬春低的变化特征,主要受温度驱动.雨季CH₄浓度受温度和降雨共同调控.温度越高,产生流量稀释效应的降雨量阈值也越大.下牢溪CH₄浓度空间分异性显著,小型拦水坝前浓度最高,最低值出现在河底坡降较大的天然峡谷型河道.人为活动不同程度的提高了相应河段的CH₄浓度水平,是小流域CH₄浓度空间分布格局的重要影响因素.流域CH₄浓度空间分布无明显时间稳定性特征,这可能与陆源输入及水平、垂向输出等动态因素有关,实施全流域采样监测对小型河流碳排放估算十分必要.     

小产权房问题研究

对当前我国存在的小产权房所涉及的法律问题进行了研究分析,从小产权的概念、产生的原因入手,主要论述了小产权房产生的现实原因及深层次的制度原因。小产权房产生的现实原因主要有：高房价的促使、政府监管的不到位、保障性住房的缺位。深层次的制度原因主要是我国农村集体土地使用权流转机制的缺失。因此,政府应通过调控抑制高房价,加强政府部门的监管力度,完善我国的保障性住房建设,以及在制度层面上对我国农村集体建设用地使用权流转制度进行变革。     

细水雾抑制渔船早期火灾模拟实验研究

针对渔船火灾危险性进行分析,辨识火灾危险源,通过实验模拟横向对比几种灭火介质的灭火效果。实验中以柴油油盘火模拟渔船早期火灾,并根据发动机舱的特点设置了喷雾火模拟发动机舱火灾,并通过对比几种不同灭火剂的灭火效果得出细水雾灭火有效性能良好,具有应用于实践的可行性,在渔船灭火技术应用中前景广阔的结论。     

Action-Oriented Support for Occupational Safety and Health Programs in Some Developing Countries in Asia

Action-oriented support programs have been increasingly playing vital roles in promoting safety and health in developing countries in Asia. This paper studied achievements of 3 action-oriented support programs: the WISE program for small enterprises, the WIND program for farmers, and the POSITIVE program for workers and trade unions. Special attention was paid to how the programs have strengthened local efforts for sustainable actions in safety and health improvements. The results showed that there were significant achievements in action-oriented support programs in the region, including a large number of improvement examples, integration into government policies, and network support through employers’ and workers’ organizations. Participatory, action-oriented training tools such as action-checklists, local good example photos, and group work methods played key roles in the effective implementation of the programs. It was of note that there were a number of local efforts to extend the coverage of action-oriented support even to hard-to-reach workers such as home-based workers, rural workers, and ethnic minorities. The efforts included the equal participation in the training by female and male farmers, shortened and weekend training programs, photo sheets showing local good examples, and reasonable fee collection for better sustainability. In conclusion, action-oriented support programs provided local people with concrete means to promote safety and health improvements. The successful programs commonly focused on local initiatives and were built on local wisdom and resources.     

论中国农村的城镇化与可持续发展

加快农村小城镇建设 ,是促进中国城市化和可持续发展的必由之路。本文在剖析我国的基本国情和城市化进程缓慢根源的基础上 ,探讨了农村城镇化、产业化和现代化之间的相依关系 ,提出了小城镇建设的功能、目标和原则 ,旨在能裨益于我国的可持续发展和“三农”问题的妥善解决     

Dynamics of Yielding Capacity of Small Cranberry in Southern Karelia

The dynamics of yielding capacity of small cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) were studied in three permanent sampling plots in a natural bog in southern Karelia for 28 years (1975–2002). The yield of berries varied from year to year from 1 to 179 g/m² depending on phytocenotic and, to a greater extent, climatic factors. The proportion between the number of ripe berries and the number of flowers varied from 10 to 66%. No distinct periodicity in the abundance of fruiting was revealed.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 4, 2005, pp. 264–268.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Yudina, Maksimova.     

深圳市利用小(2)型水库进行河流生态补水研究

深圳市水环境质量改善迫在眉睫,亟需探寻新的解决思路和途径。借鉴香港、新加坡等城市经验,提出"抓大放小"思路,通过挖潜现有供水水库库容,科学调度水资源,逐步调整小(2)型水库供水功能,充分利用水库库容在旱季为下游河流实施生态补水。补水后可一定程度改善下游河流水质状况,为深圳市河流治理提供新的思路和解决方案。同时通过完善村镇供水网络,实现集中供水,保障了区域供水水量和水质的稳定。