城镇小型生活污水处理设备及其展望

介绍了我国城镇小型生活污水处理设备特点、分类和几种常用处理设备，对城镇生活污水的处理现状进行了分析，最后指出要使我国城镇生活污水能达标排放，并且能够完成我国近期污水处理的目标，研究开发具有除磷脱氮功能的小型生活污水处理设备是目前迫切需要解决的问题。     

CALIBRATION OF A WATER-BALANCE MODEL FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS IN EASTERN OREGON1

ABSTRACT: The BURP water-balance model was calibrated for 13 small (0.46 to 7.00 mi²), forested watersheds in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon where snowmelt is the dominant source of runoff. BURP is the model name and is not an acronym. Six of the 16 parameters in BURP were calibrated. The subsurface recession coefficient and three subsurface water-storage parameters were most sensitive for simulating monthly flow. Calibrated subsurface recession coefficients ranged from 0.988 to 0.998. The subsurface-water storage parameters were calibrated at between 20 to 120 percent of their initial values obtained from a category III soil survey. That reconnaissance-level survey was apparently too broad to accurately reflect subsurface-water storage in small watersheds. Tests of model performance showed BURP is capable of producing accurate simulations of monthly flow for mountainous, snow-dominated watersheds with shallow (< 4 ft) soils when calibrated with 2 to 4 years of streamflow data. A regression of observed versus simulated monthly flows with data from all watersheds combined showed that BURP accounted for 85 percent of the variability in observed flows, which ranged from 0.01 to 20.8 inches, but underpredicted high flow months, with a slope of 1.15 that is significantly different from 1.0 (p = 0.05). Without prior calibration, subsurface-water storage parameters appeared to be the greatest source of potential error.     

小城镇废品回收利用的制约因素分析——关于黑龙江省密山市裴德镇的调查

目前小城镇日常生活中可回收利用的废品主要是通过废品回收部门流向废品再利用工厂.废品回收部门主要依赖于废品再利用工厂生存.规模较大的个人废品收购商对专业化废品收购商的冲击以及废品再利用工厂的收购价格低、技术水平低、有限的收购种类和二次污染严重等已成为废品向资源化产品转化的制约因素.完善废品回收利用渠道和加强政府的支持力度对于促进废品类物质的资源化具有重要意义.     

西北农村地区小城镇人口集聚与人居生态环境研究

运用统计方法,分析西北农村地区人口集聚与人居生态环境建设发展现状。西北农村地区小城镇发展在总体上落后于全国平均水平;今后小城镇发展的战略重点是城乡之间的互动关系,但今后相当一段时期内,绝大多数的农村人口仍将长期居住在乡村;人口集聚与环境协调发展的目标是实现小城镇由外延粗放型发展向注重质量的集约型发展;目前农民住房建设发展阶段为迅速发展时期,并且具有现阶段的迫切性和时间上的长期性的综合特点。据此,提出了西北农村地区小城镇人口集聚与人居生态环境协调发展的具体对策。     

Nation‐building policies in Timor‐Leste: disaster risk reduction,including climate change adaptation

Few studies have explored the relationships between nation‐building, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Focusing on small island developing states, this paper examines nation‐building in Timor‐Leste, a small island developing state that recently achieved independence. Nation‐building in Timor‐Leste is explored in the context of disaster risk reduction, which necessarily includes climate change adaptation. The study presents a synopsis of Timor‐Leste's history and its nation‐building efforts as well as an overview of the state of knowledge of disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation. It also offers an analysis of significant gaps and challenges in terms of vertical and horizontal governance, large donor presence, data availability and the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation for nation‐building in Timor‐Leste. Relevant and applicable lessons are provided from other small island developing states to assist Timor‐Leste in identifying its own trajectory out of underdevelopment while it builds on existing strengths.     

特厚煤层沿空掘巷合理留设小煤柱的试验研究

为减少煤柱损失量,改善巷道维护现状和提高煤炭回采率,以庞庞塔煤矿10#特厚煤层为工程背景,采用理论计算、FLAC3D数值模拟和现场观测方法对该矿特厚煤层综放沿空掘巷留设的小煤柱宽度进行了研究。计算表明:小煤柱合理留设宽度为7.7～9 m。以小煤柱理论计算为基础,结合工作面端头侧的应力与煤柱侧向支承压力分布特征,提出了4种小煤柱留宽方案,通过数值模拟对比分析不同留宽煤柱在掘巷和回采阶段的围岩应力和受载变形情况,最终得出小煤柱合理留宽为9 m。工程实践表明:按9 m留设区段煤柱,并采用合理支护设计,巷道顶底板及两帮变形量较小,煤柱稳定性良好,留宽方案满足生产使用要求。     

新型环境监测仪器户外小型水质自动监测站性能研究

随着中国地表水水质自动监测站建设工作的大力推进,近几年一种体积小、集成度高、功能完备并且直接应用于户外的小型水质自动监测站设备成为研发和应用热点。为了探究目前市场上户外小型水质自动监测站产品的仪器性能和技术特征,笔者选取6种型号的户外小型水质自动监测站进行功能检查和性能测试。结果表明：户外小型水质自动监测站具备采配水、预处理、水质多参数分析、数据传输等功能;不同参数标准溶液的测定结果具有较高的准确度和精密度,不进行任何维护的情况下整个系统能够在户外连续稳定运行一个星期以上。     

南帕斯凝析油存储挥发与安全影响分析

南帕斯凝析油产自于伊朗,在炼制过程几乎不残留油渣,因而倍受炼油企业青睐。南帕斯凝析油中硫化氢及硫醇硫等有毒气体的浓度较高,在储存过程中由于储罐呼吸现象的存在,有毒气体挥发量较大。一旦有毒气体挥发量超出《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》中规定的限值,极容易引发安全事故。南帕斯凝析油的这一特性给企业安全工作带来了很大挑战。以分析南帕斯凝析油理化性质以及存储设备设施现状为基础,运用储罐大小呼吸计算公式定量计算出有毒气体的挥发量及在空气中的含量;并且以呼吸阀口为连续性点源建立气体扩散模型,根据高斯定律推算出下风向各点有毒气体浓度值,从而划分防护等级区域并制定相应的安全操作要求,为企业存储安全提供有效的防护方案。     

基于DEA的中小型工矿企业安全管理能力评价研究

对中小型工矿企业安全管理能力的内涵进行界定,从现实能力和潜在能力两个层面建立中小型工矿企业安全管理能力的评估指标体系,并运用DEA模型进行评价。研究结果表明:该评价方法有效地反映中小型工矿企业安全管理能力,并且说明具体的改进方向,为企业提升安全管理水平提供一种思路和方法。