基于形态滤波遗传算法对目标红外图像特征检测

将形态滤波和自适应遗传算法结合起来,提出了一个用于目标检测的形态滤波器参数优化遗传算法。通过设计了形态滤波的遗传算法,寻求最佳结构元,以实现对目标的自适应检测。作为2个特殊环境中的应用检测实例,分别对固体推进器尾喷焰红外图像和复杂背景下的弱小目标进行检测。实验结果表明该方法能够更好地适应环境变化,更大程度地提高目标信号检测的信号噪声（SNR）比,有效地检测出复杂背景下的目标。     

重庆铜梁县空气质量历时演变与评价

以重庆市铜梁县为例,分析了西部小城镇空气质量的历时演变规律,并对小城镇空气质量进行了评价。结果表明,小城镇空气质量夏季优于冬季,NO2和O3年均浓度(分别为29~33、18~34μg/m3)有所增加,但均在《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)标准值内,PM10和SO2的年均浓度则逐年下降,2012年年均浓度比2010年分别下降了34%和19%;PM10、SO2、NO2浓度与温度、风速呈显著负相关关系,与大气压、相对湿度呈显著正相关关系,O3浓度与温度、风速、气压、相对湿度的相关性则刚好与此相反。对铜梁县近3年空气质量状况的评价结果表明,铜梁县空气质量稳步提升,相对于2010年的空气质量状况来说,2012年空气质量等级为优和良的天数分别提高了5%和9%,空气质量等级为轻微污染的天数则降低了9%。研究结果可为小城镇空气质量的宏观调控提供参考。     

基于多种方法的长江上游小流域水质综合评价

选取大河和巴关河流域2018—2022年水质监测数据,运用单因子评价法、Spearman秩相关系数法、综合污染指数法和主成分分析法,对流域水质状况、变化趋势及主要污染物特征进行综合评价分析。结果表明:2018—2022年,大河流域水质未达到地表水Ⅲ类标准;流域整体综合污染指数超过了1,为重污染,下游污染程度较重;营养指标和有机污染物指标存在显著正相关。巴关河流域水质达到了地表水Ⅲ类标准;流域整体综合污染指数未超过1,为中污染,上游污染程度较重;营养指标、有机污染物指标和重金属指标等均呈现出不同程度的相关性。巴关河流域水质总体优于大河流域。TP、NH₃-N、COD_Mn、COD_Cr和BOD₅是影响大河流域和巴关河流域水质的主要因子,均属于有机型及富营养化污染指标,主要来自生活源和农业源。建议选择适宜的评价方法开展系统性小流域污染溯源,分河段有针对性地开展小流域水环境治理。     

Conservation resource allocation,small population resiliency,and the fallacy of conservation triage

Some conservation prioritization methods are based on the assumption that conservation needs overwhelm current resources and not all species can be conserved; therefore, a conservation triage scheme (i.e., when the system is overwhelmed, species should be divided into three groups based on likelihood of survival, and efforts should be focused on those species in the group with the best survival prospects and reduced or denied to those in the group with no survival prospects and to those in the group not needing special efforts for their conservation) is necessary to guide resource allocation. We argue that this decision-making strategy is not appropriate because resources are not as limited as often assumed, and it is not evident that there are species that cannot be conserved. Small population size alone, for example, does not doom a species to extinction; plants, reptiles, birds, and mammals offer examples. Although resources dedicated to conserving all threatened species are insufficient at present, the world's economic resources are vast, and greater resources could be dedicated toward species conservation. The political framework for species conservation has improved, with initiatives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other international agreements, funding mechanisms such as The Global Environment Facility, and the rise of many nongovernmental organizations with nimble, rapid-response small grants programs. For a prioritization system to allow no extinctions, zero extinctions must be an explicit goal of the system. Extinction is not inevitable, and should not be acceptable. A goal of no human-induced extinctions is imperative given the irreversibility of species loss.     

Does size matter? Comparing the party politics of climate change in Australia and Norway

ABSTRACT

The implications of state size for the party politics of climate change are examined, and in particular its effect in facilitating or impeding cross-party consensus on the issue. This issue is explored through an in-depth, qualitative comparison of Australia and Norway, which are shown to be comparable in important respects yet differ in terms of their size and climate politics. Original primary data is presented from 44 interviews with policymakers and policy-shapers in both countries, which shows that, to the limited extent that state size moderates the parties’ behaviour, it is the countries’ geographical – not economic – size that matters. Institutional factors are found to play a more significant role, however, and the corporatist features of state-business cooperation, strong ENGOs and compensatory welfare arrangements are highlighted as particularly important.     

红壤地区小流域开发治理研究——以玉山县宅前小流域为例

本文以玉山县宅前小流域开发治理规划为例,指出红壤地区小流域治理指导思想和应遵循原则,提出以山顶及坡度≥25°山坡营造防护林,坡度<25°山坡实行等高开垦为水土保持措施;同时兴修水利,建立山地灌溉体系,努力提高劳动者素质,加速区域经济发展,此小流域开发治理将为我国南方未开发的红壤地区充分利用自然资源提出一个典范。     

小直径锥形管成形工艺研究

通过对小直径锥形管的工艺分析 ,介绍了一种成形的工艺方法和措施 ;并就成形、加工模具作了详细说明     

中小型燃煤锅炉湿法除尘废水水质净化技术研究

介绍了利用稀土陶瓷和燃煤炉渣净化锅炉湿法除尘废水的技术研究．并列举实例介绍了该技术在工程中的应用．     

按"小流域生物圈"理念建设自然保护区--以纳版河自然保护区为例

以纳板河流域自然保护区建区10年的管理实践为例,论述了应以“小流域生物圈”为指导思想,建设和管理自然保护区,从而体现保护、科研、开发相结合,保护与当地群众脱贫致富相结合,有效保护和持续利用资源,最终形成人与自然和谐相处的环境。