智慧工地本质安全度评价方法研究

为对智慧工地全生命周期的本质安全度进行分析与评价,综合运用本质安全理论,构建智慧工地本质安全度评价模型。首先,根据智慧工地本质安全定义,将智慧工地本质安全度划分为初始级、简单级、标准级、成熟级和卓越级5个等级;其次,基于智慧工地的生产现状,构建包括人员管理系统、机械设备管理系统、现场监测预警系统、过程控制管理系统等4个一级指标和16个二级指标的本质安全度评价指标体系;最后,利用C-OWA算子对指标的权重进行计算,采用未确知测度评价法对系统进行综合评价。结果表明:将模型应用到西安地铁某在建项目中,得到该智慧工地项目现阶段推进状态本质安全度等级为标准级,明确该项目下一阶段提升改进的方向,为智慧工地本质安全管理的持续改进提供理论支持。     

基于改进熵值法的城市“精明增长”综合测度——以长江三角洲16市为例

“精明增长”是资源环境约束下中国城市可持续增长的必然选择,该理论的中国化与适应性研究至关重要。将理论内涵与中国城市增长实际需求相结合,构建包含城市规模、城市福利、城市空间和城市消耗四增长维度的城市“精明增长”综合测评模型,并运用改进熵值算法,对1999~2008年长江三角洲地区从时序变动与截面比较进行实证研究。结果表明：长三角16市在考察期内增长逐年更为精明;上海、南京、杭州城市增长更为精明,其余城市熵值评分考察期内波动较大,且空间分布有两极分化的趋势;四增长维度影响综合评价的权重由高至低分别为福利维度、规模维度、消耗维度与空间维度,城市福利和规模增长是影响城市增长精明程度的主要方面,两维度中反映城市环境、产业结构、就业结构、城市化水平的指标贡献较大;城市消耗和空间维度权重较低,其中反映土地与生活能源消耗的指标作用明显,需要加大城市消耗的控制和内涵空间增长的拓展     

智慧城市建设的理论思考与战略选择

智慧城市是继数字城市和智能城市后的城市信息化高级形态,是信息化、工业化与城镇化的深度融合,是城市转型与经济发展的转换器。发展智慧城市有助于促进城市经济、社会与环境协调可持续发展,缓解"大城市病",提高城镇化质量。从城市信息化发展阶段看,我国许多信息化先行城市已经初步具备建设智慧城市的信息基础、产业基础和技术基础,同时,不断完善的政策支持体系也为智慧城市建设营造了良好的政策环境。由于尚处于起步阶段,我国智慧城市建设还存在缺乏统一规划、技术标准和法律规范不健全、资金瓶颈等诸多问题。为此,要深入推进智慧城市建设必须正确处理好市场"无形之手"和政府"有形之手"的关系,实现技术创新和金融创新两轮驱动,在基础设施建设中保障信息集成共享和互联互通,重视技术规范和法律规范,在典型示范积累经验基础上全面整体推进。     

Optimization of grid tied hybrid power system in smart premises

Tapping of renewable energy sources like solar and wind is given great priority by power producers all over the world. Technical problems of linking them to the grid are solved. The cost constraints of utilizing renewable energy at specific locations are to be determined. In this work, a model is developed for grid tied hybrid power system (HPS) consisting of photovoltaic (PV) module and wind mill at the roof top of smart premises. The grid is capable of delivering and receiving energy. Objective function is formed with constraints taking into account the cost of PV module, wind mill, and grid tied inverter with controller. The constraints are rating of HPS and energy that can be delivered to the grid. Using this model, case studies were conducted in three locations in India, each location having two different demands. The results are presented. With the optimal rating of HPS, results shows that, conventional energy cost is higher.     

智慧旅游：未来旅游业发展新趋势——基于4G技术支撑下的景区转型升级

一种新技术的问世,驱动着经济社会的大发展、大变革,4G时代的到来再一次把移动通信技术推向另一个高端平台,其推广应用也成为了各企业在行业中崭露头角的关键法宝.智慧旅游是一种需要移动通信技术作为核心支撑而发展的新型旅游,必将在未来旅游业中迅速崛起.着眼4G于实际,放眼智慧旅游于未来,从智慧旅游和4G技术的概念以及发展历程着手,挖掘了4G与智慧旅游发展的内在关系.以武夷山风景区作为实例,分析了当地资源状况和智慧旅游发展现状,并从以政府为代表的管理机构、旅游企业、旅游者、目的地居民角度出发,提出武夷山风景区智慧旅游开发的对策.     

Urban sharing in smart cities: the cases of Berlin and London

ABSTRACT

Addressing urban sustainability challenges requires changes in the way systems of provision and services are designed, organised and delivered. In this context, two promising phenomena have gained interest from the academia, the public sector and the media: “smart cities” and “urban sharing”. Smart cities rely on the extensive use of information and communications technology (ICT) to increase efficiencies in urban areas, while urban sharing builds on the collaborative use of idling resources enabled by ICT in densely populated cities. The concepts have many similar features and share common goals, yet cities with smart city agendas often fail to take a stance on urban sharing. Thus, its potentials are going largely unnoticed by local governments. This article addresses this issue by exploring cases of London and Berlin – two ICT-dense cities with clearly articulated smart city agendas and an abundance of sharing platforms. Drawing on urban governance literature, we develop a conceptual framework that specifies the roles that cities assume when governing urban sharing: city as regulator, city as provider, city as enabler and city as consumer. We find that both cities indirectly support urban sharing through smart agenda programmes, which aim to facilitate ICT-enabled technical innovation and emergence of start-ups. However, programmes, strategies, support schemes and regulations aimed directly at urban sharing initiatives are few. We also find that Berlin is sceptical towards urban sharing organisations, while London took more of a collaborative approach. Implications for policy-makers are discussed in the end.     

区块链技术在煤矿安全投入中的应用探讨*

为确保煤矿安全投入能有效落实于生产安全的各个环节,使安全投入资金更加透明、有效,对区块链技术在煤矿安全投入的适用性和应用进行探讨。通过划分煤矿安全投入体系,指出煤矿安全投入中决策难、审查难、金额难及时调整的问题。分析区块链技术优势和应用,探讨煤矿安全投入与区块链技术的结合,提出以区块链为底层技术的智能合约与煤矿安全投入的应用流程,并指出该应用将会面临的挑战。结果表明:理论上,区块链技术可解决煤矿安全投入中存在的问题,但有待区块链技术与法规的发展完善来推动区块链技术与煤矿安全投入的结合。     

High starter phosphorus fertilization facilitates soil phosphorus turnover by romoting microbial functional interaction in an arable soil

Microbial phosphorus (P) turnover is critical in C utilization efficiency in agroecosystems. It is therefore necessary to understand the P mobilization processes occurring during P fertilization in order to ensure both crop yield and environmental quality. Here, we established a controlled pot experiment containing soil amended with three different levels of starter P fertilizer and collected soil samples after 30, 60, and 90 days of incubation. Quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate functional gene structures involved in carbon, nitrogen and P cycling and the bacterial community composition of the collected samples. Although P fertilization did not significantly affect the structure of the soil microbial community, some rare microbiota were changed in particular phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were enriched at the high P fertilization level, suggesting that the rare taxa make an important contribution to P turnover. P fertilization also altered the functional gene structure, and high P concentrations enhanced the functional gene diversity and abundance. Partial redundancy analysis further revealed that changes in rare taxa and functional genes of soil microorganisms drive the alteration of soil P pools. These findings extend our understanding of the microbial mechanisms of P turnover.     

Hydrologic Impact Assessment of Land Cover Change and Stormwater Management Using the Hydrologic Footprint Residence

Urbanization impacts the stormwater regime through increased runoff volumes and velocities. Detention ponds and low impact development (LID) strategies may be implemented to control stormwater runoff. Typically, mitigation strategies are designed to maintain postdevelopment peak flows at predevelopment levels for a set of design storms. Peak flow does not capture the extent of changes to the hydrologic flow regime, and the hydrologic footprint residence (HFR) was developed to calculate the area and duration of inundated land during a storm. This study couples a cellular automata land cover change model with a hydrologic and hydraulic framework to generate spatial projections of future development on the fringe of a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan area. The hydrologic flow regime is characterized for existing and projected land cover patterns under detention pond and LID‐based control, using the HFR and peak flow values. Results demonstrate that for less intense and frequent rainfall events, LID solutions are better with respect to HFR; for larger storms, detention pond strategies perform better with respect to HFR and peak flow.     

基于疲劳损伤谱的随机振动试验方法在智能电表模拟公路运输中的研究

目的解决传统试验精确度差、仿真程度低的问题,验证智能电表在随机振动过程中的可靠性。方法将基于疲劳损伤谱的等效随机振动试验方法运用到智能电表公路运输振动试验中,首先提出疲劳载荷谱的概念及其获取方法,并对采集的振动数据进行处理,得到用于加速振动试验的功率谱密度,最后验证基于疲劳损伤谱的随机振动试验方法应用于智能电表模拟公路运输方法的可行性及优势。结果使用该方法加速试验前后的累计疲劳损伤误差为6.4%。结论该方法不但能大幅减少试验时间,同时能够节省大量人力、物力资源。