基于智能手机平台的环境噪声监测研究

通过对传统噪声监测和评价方法的分析,借助智能手机平台开发了1套环境噪声监测系统,并以鼓浪屿为案例进行了研究。结果表明:1)利用智能手机能很好地区分不同环境功能区的噪声情况;2)能方便地获取监测点位坐标、用户感受等信息;3)能及时将监测结果分享给好友和数据中心。基于智能手机平台进行环境噪声监测,一方面降低了噪声监测的技术门槛,方便公众随时随地感知和分享身边的噪声情况;另一方面,借助公众的广泛参与,能够大大增加噪声采样点的数量,拓展数据的采集范围,形成公众环境噪声监测网。     

Smart city data architecture for energy prosumption in municipalities: concepts,requirements, and future directions

ABSTRACT

Big data is gaining visibility and importance, and its use is attaining higher levels of influence within municipalities. Due to this proliferation smart cities are posed to deploy architectures toward managing energy for Electric Vehicles (EV) and orchestrate the production, consumption, and distributing of energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind etc. in communities also known as prosumption. In smart city domain, Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be employed to facilitate alignment between municipality goals and the direction of the city in relation to Information Technology (IT) that supports stakeholders within the city. Hence, the alignment between IT and goals of the city is a critical process to support the continued growth and improvement of city services and energy sustainability. However, despite several research effort focused on data architecture in smart city, there have been few studies aimed at exploring how EA can be applied in smart cities to support residential buildings and EV for energy prosumption in municipalities. Therefore, this study conducts an extensive review and develops an architecture that can be employed in smart city domain based on big data management for energy prosumption in residential buildings and EV. Furthermore, secondary data was employed to present a case study to show the applications of the developed architecture in promoting energy prosumption. Findings suggest that the architecture provides interoperable open real-time, online, and historical data in facilitating energy prosumption. Respectively, this study offers exchange of data for sharing energy resources and provides insights to improve energy prosumption services.     

Improving the Chest Protection of Elderly Occupants in Frontal Crashes Using SMART Load Limiters

Objective: To determine whether varying the seat belt load limiter (SBL) according to crash and occupant characteristics could have real-world injury reduction benefits in frontal impacts and, if so, to quantify those benefits.

Methods: Real-world UK accident data were used to identify the target population of vehicle occupants and frontal crash scenarios where improved chest protection could be most beneficial. Generic baseline driver and front passenger numerical models using a 50th percentile dummy were developed with MADYMO software. Simulations were performed where the load limiter threshold was varied in selected frontal impact scenarios. For each SBL setting, restraint performance, dummy kinematics, and injury outcome were studied in 5 different frontal impact types. Thoracic injury predictions were converted into injury probability values using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ age-dependent thoracic risk curves developed and validated based on a methodology proposed by Laituri et al. (2005). Real-world benefit was quantified using the predicted AIS 2+ risk and assuming that an appropriate adaptive system was fitted to all the cars in a real-world sample of recent frontal crashes involving European passenger cars.

Results: From the accident data sample the chest was the most frequently injured body region at an AIS 2+ level in frontal impacts (7% of front seat occupants). The proportion of older vehicle front seat occupants (>64 years) with AIS 2+ injury was also greater than the proportion of younger occupants. Additionally, older occupants were more likely to sustain seat belt–induced serious chest injury in low- and moderate-speed frontal crashes. In both front seating positions, the low SBL provided the best chest injury protection, without increasing the risk to other body regions. In severe impacts, the low SBL allowed the driver to move dangerously close to the steering wheel. Compared to the driver side, greater ride-down space on the passenger side gave a higher potential for using the low SBLs. When applying the AIS 2+ risk reduction findings to the weighted accident data sample, the risk of sustaining an AIS 2+ seat belt injury changed to 0.9, 4.9, and 8.1% for young, mid, and older occupants, respectively, from their actual injury risk of 1.3, 7.6, and 13.1%.

Conclusions: These results suggest the potential for improving the safety of older occupants with the development of smarter restraint systems. This is an important finding because the number of older users is expected to increase rapidly over the next 20 years. The greatest benefits were seen at lower crash severities. This is also important because most real-world crashes occur at lower speeds.     

基于智能能源网的资源开发与市场匹配模式研究——以煤基低碳能源转化为例

智能能源网是我国＂十二五＂期间完善资源开发及能源转化的重点科研攻关课题。以煤基低碳能源转化为例,提出基于智能能源网的资源开发模式。该模式可从根本上改善我国传统的对原生资源低效和掠夺式的开发方式,提高从原生资源到能源商品整个过程的资源转化效率,在极大程度上减少生产过程中对环境造成的碳排放污染。其市场匹配模式应以政府作为引导主体,按市场化所处的不同阶段积极施行经济和科技体制改革。     

Thinking critically about smart city experimentation: entrepreneurialism and responsibilization in urban living labs

ABSTRACT

The proliferation of smart technologies, big data, and analytics is being increasingly used to address urban socio-environmental problems such as climate change mitigation and carbon control. Electricity systems in particular are being reconfigured with smart technologies to help integrate renewable generation, enhance energy efficiency, implement new forms of pricing, increase control and automation, and improve reliability. Many of these interventions are experimental, requiring real-world testing before wider diffusion. This testing often takes place in “urban living labs,” integrating urban residents as key actors in experimentation with goals for broader sustainability transitions. In this paper, I investigate one such urban living lab focused on smart grid research and demonstration in a residential neighbourhood in Austin, Texas. I develop a framework based in governmentality studies to critically interrogate urban experimentation. Findings suggest that the focus of experimentation devolves urban imperatives into individual responsibilities for socio-environmental change. Managing carbon emissions through energy efficiency, renewable energy, and conservation is promoted as a form of self-management, wherein households reconfigure everyday activities and/or adopt new technologies. At the same, sociotechnical interventions are shaped by technology companies, researchers, and policy-makers marking a central feature of contemporary urban entrepreneurialism. This skews the potential of active co-production, and instead relies on the delegation of responsibility for action to a constrained assemblage of smart technologies and smart users.     

Variable-Thermoinsulation Garments With a Microprocessor Temperature Controller

This paper presents the concept of active variable thermoinsulation clothing for users working in low temperatures. Those garments contain heating inserts regulated by a microprocessor temperature controller. This paper also presents the results of tests carried out on the newly designed garments.     

便携式智能电能表功耗测量仪设计、校准与应用

针对目前智能电能表功耗检测困难,设计了一种便携式功耗测量仪。分析了功耗测量仪的总体结构和关键技术,给出了仪器的校准数据及仪器应用方法。经实践证明,该功耗测量仪在测量精度和实用性上表现良好。     

智能电网与环境安全关系综述

智能电网技术可以将各种分布式再生能源迅速接入电网,对环境安全具有重要的促进作用。介绍了智能电网的发展现状及关键技术,从能源防御体系、土地利用和电力生产等方面对智能电网与环境安全之间的关系进行了分析。智能电网技术的兴起与发展可以真正做到减少碳的排放量,提高用电系统的抗击灾害能力,同时也可以有效的保护环境、集约利用土地。智能电网技术是将来电力环境安全体系中重要的组成环节。     

Smart and eco-cities in India and China

ABSTRACT

Smart and eco-cities have become important notions for thinking about urban futures. This article contributes to these ongoing debates about smart and eco-urbanism by focussing on recent urbanisation initiatives in Asia. Our study of India’s Smart Cities Mission launched under the administration of Narendra Modi and China’s All-In-One eco-cities project initiated by Xi Jinpin unfolds in two corresponding narratives. Roy and Ong’s [2011. Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell] “worlding cities” serves as the theoretical backdrop of our analysis. Based on a careful review of a diverse set of academic literature, policy and other sources we identify five process-dimensions for analysing the respective urban approaches. We show how the specific features of China’s and India’s urban focus, organisation, implementation, governance and embedding manifest both nations’ approaches to smart and eco-urbanism. We argue that India’s Smart City Mission and China’s All-in-One project are firmly anchored in broader agendas of change that are set out to transform the nation and extend into time. The Indian Smart City Mission is part of a broader ambition to transform the nation enabling her “smart incarnation” in modernity. Smart technologies are seen as the key drivers of change. In China the framework of ecological civilisation continues a 5000-year historical tradition of civilisation excellence. By explicitly linking eco-urbanism to the framework, eco-cities become a means to enact ecological civilisation on the (urban) ground.     

智能结构在起重机金属结构健康监测中的应用

简要介绍了智能结构的组成和当前应用较广的主要智能材料的特性，探讨了起重机金属结构健康监测的一般要求和起重机金属结构健康监测系统的工作原理，最后详细介绍了目前已开展的一些相关的前期研究工作。