基于问卷调查的四川民众地震灾害响应能力分区评价

基于前期对四川省德阳市民众地震灾害认知与响应特点与规律的问卷调查数据及分析结果,构建了以性别、年龄和受教育程度为核心评价参数的县市社会民众地震灾害响应能力的综合评价模型;然后将该评价模型应用于四川省,实现了对四川省社会民众地震灾害响应能力大小的分县市计算与评价。结果表明,四川省东部县市民众的地震灾害响应能力普遍比西部县市民众大,省会成都市周围的区、县(市)居民的地震灾害响应能力普遍较强,西部三个自治州民众的响应能力普遍较差,其中,成都市青羊区民众的响应能力最强,凉山彝族自治州金阳县民众的能力最弱,全省呈现出以成都市各区县(市)为中心向周围地区递减的总体趋势。     

基于主体分级的社会救援资源分类及结构框架

社会救援资源是应急救援工作的重要资源支撑。从资源供给角度出发,给出社会救援资源的概念,并综合"社会"和"应急救援资源"范围的研究,界定社会救援资源的范围,继而阐述了社会救援资源的普遍特点和特殊特点;提出一种新的资源分类方法———基于主体分级的资源分类方法,并基于此方法,将社会救援资源提供的社会主体分为3类共10个主体,即第一类主体(大型国有企业、国家级慈善社团)、第二类主体(其他公有制企业、其他慈善社团、相关民办非企业单位、公民自组织形式)、第三类主体(其他所有制企业、一般社团、其他民办非企业单位、公民个人);在主体分级的基础上,从救援资源的角度将不同社会主体的供给力度分为强、中、弱三级,初步构造一个矩阵网状的社会救援资源结构框架。     

The road towards sustainable rural development: issues of theory,policy and research practice

Developing a more widespread diffusion of sustainable agricultural practices as part of progressing rural sustainable development is being hampered by different modes of environmental social thought. This introduction to this special issue on ‘Reconstituting of nature through rural development practices’ argues for a realignment of social theory and empirical practice in considering the real potentiality of alternative and emergent rural development cases. The social science of agro-ecology is introduced as an initial framework within which to assess such alternatives and emerging tendencies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Post-Fordist transformation,the sustainability concept and social relations with nature: a case study of the Hamburg region

Following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainability in general and of urban sustainability in particular has become increasingly significant in the course of the 1990s. Even if the environmental problems of cities are far from being solved, one can interpret this development as a change in the relationship between society and nature on both a discursive and a material level. At the same time the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism has given rise to new forms of urban entrepreneurialism, with an absolute priority to economic competitiveness on the one hand and sharpened social conflicts on the other. Looking at the case of the Hamburg region, the article discusses the interaction of these processes. Contrary to the understanding of sustainability as a broadly accepted policy goal it conceptualizes sustainability as a terrain of conflict. As such, we will argue, the sustainability concept and the underlying change in social relations with nature contribute to containing the contradictions of capitalist societalization, which in the transition to post-Fordism have become more visible again. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农村社区小型水利设施合作供给意愿的实证

本文基于社会资本视角,在现有文献的基础上,将社会资本分为社会网络、社会信任、社会声望、社会参与四个维度,利用6省区600户农户的调查资料,运用logistic模型分析了农户参与小型水利设施合作供给意愿的影响因素。研究结果表明,社会资本对农户小型水利设施合作供给意愿有积极作用。社会资本不同维度中,除社会声望对合作意愿影响不显著外,社会网络、社会信任、社会参与对农户参与小型水利设施合作供给意愿均有显著正向影响,说明农户的合作供给实现应该充分利用社会资本。此外,农户参与小型水利设施合作供给意愿还受其他因素影响,其中合作认知和灌溉面积对农户参与小型水利设施供给的合作意愿有显著正向影响,而家庭收入、是否偷水和用水纠纷对合作意愿有显著负向影响。提出应通过培育农户社会资本、规范社区用水环境、提高合作认知程度等措施,提高农户参与农村社区小型水利设施合作供给积极性的政策建议。     

基于社会经济核算矩阵的江西省氮磷减排调控方案研究

通过编制江西省2002年包含环境账户的社会经济核算矩阵(ESAM)研究了江西省征收排污费与分类实施氮磷营养盐减排补贴对18个产业生产收益的影响。研究结果表明:不同氮磷减排调控方案对各产业产值的边际影响存在差异。总体上看,除部分服务业,调整氮磷排污费的征收标准对各部门生产收益的整体影响并不大,氮磷排放越少的产业受调控影响的产值变化较大;而调整氮（或磷）营养盐的减排补贴对各产业生产收益的边际影响较为显著,氮（或磷）排放越多的产业生产收益增加幅度越大,污染治理部门及其他氮（或磷）排放不太相关的产业生产收益变化甚微。综合比较3种减排调控方案,实施氮磷营养盐减排补贴对江西省产业发展影响最为显著     

Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms

Recent research on the effects of personal threat suggests that perceived threat might enhance pro-environmental behavior when pro-environmental norms are in focus. In three experiments we found support for the latter assumption, showing that mortality salience and salience of pro-environmental norms interacted in predicting pro-environmental attitudes and information search (Study 1), sustainable behavior in a forest management game (Study 2), as well as pro-environmental intentions and behavior (Study 3). Specifically, mortality salience increased pro-environmental conduct only when pro-environmental norms were salient. Moreover, norm salience only had an effect on pro-environmental attitudes and behavior when the threat of personal mortality was salient. We discuss the implications of these results for both terror management theory and the promotion of pro-environmental behaviors.     

生态哲学的功能与生态素质的提升

生态素质作为以生态世界观和生态方法论为核心、以生态价值观和生态伦理观为观照、以生态思维方式和生态行为规范为主要内容的人的内化物,它必然体现当今乃至未来人类素质的主体内容和发展的主导趋势。在新的历史条件下,生态哲学的研究应全面强化在有效提升人的生态素质方面的独特功能。     

大型社会活动安全风险评估指标研究

在对大型社会活动特点及其活动增长趋势分析的基础上,通过对大型社会活动典型伤亡事故的统计,将事故发生直接原因归纳为突发自然灾害、设备设施故障、管控措施失误、疏散设施不符合要求、人为事件和其他因素6类;根据风险管理理论,针对大型社会活动安全风险,从人-机-环-管安全系统工程的观点出发,以准确反映大型社会活动的本质特征和事故预防与控制为目标、尽可能量化为原则,提出具有4个一级指标、9个二级指标和24个三级指标的大型社会活动安全风险评估指标体系和评估依据,并对周边环境、人群密度、疏散速度及人群状况指标进行量化分级。     

社会安全事件空间分布研究

在讨论社会安全事件空间分布特点的基础上,简要介绍用于空间自相关性分析的主要算法。重点对基于密度聚类(DENCLUE,density-based clustering)的算法的基本原理、过程及利用积分均方误差MISE进行精度检验等方面进行阐述。将该算法用于社会安全事件空间分布研究领域中的犯罪热点区域探测。分析结果表明,与以往分析方法相比DENCLUE算法具有抗噪声能力强、能生成任意形状的聚类等特点,可有效地用于社会安全事件空间分布区域的研究,但也发现算法在格网边长的确定及窗宽长度选择方面的不足,有待进一步研究。