人口结构、社会保障与机构投资者的发展——以发达国家为例

近年来我国的经济发展中出现了居民的存款储蓄不断增长与企业资金短缺、股票市场低迷并存的现象。发达国家的经验表明,社会保障制度与金融发展具有明显的相关性：社会保障制度的改革与发展。改变了居民以存款为主体的金融资产结构。使居民金融资产的选择从直接持有转向通过养老金、保险金和共同基金等机构投资者的间接持有，促进了机构投资者的迅猛发展；而机构投资者的资产越来越多的投向了证券资产。进而促进了资本市场的进一步发展。     

关于可持续发展研究的系统思考

本文分析了持续发展学科体系特点，探讨了开展可持续发展的整体和全过程研究的意义，认为多视角，多层次的研究，是认识可持续发展规律的研究，是认识可持续发展规律的基本途径。     

ASSETS TO MOVE WATERSHED COUNCILS FROM ASSESSMENT TO ACTION1

ABSTRACT: Oregon watershed council leaders, members, and government supporters are working to improve watershed health. To identify the institutional assets that are most helpful in taking action, we assemble the lessons learned from several synthesis studies. The institutional assets fall into seven categories — leadership, vision, trust, social networks, capital, power, and local and technical knowledge. Scientific knowledge, leadership, vision, and social networks are the assets most widely recognized and available. Power, trust, and capital are challenges that must be met for actions to be successful. Most people affected by watershed council actions can appeal to more powerful interests to get these actions changed. Trust, particularly of scientific recommendations and government, is lacking. This distrust limits opportunities for watershed council actions.     

从社会排斥的视角分析中国公众环境权益的缺失

社会排斥是近年来社会学研究中的重要概念。本文在对社会排斥内涵进行简要述评的基础上．探讨将这一独特视角用于公众环境权益诠释的可能性，并具体分析中国公众在环境权益实现过程中所面临的社会文化排斥、社会体制排斥、自我认同排斥等社会排斥现象及其三者之间的关系。公众在环境权益实现中所遇到的社会排斥包括两个方面：一是由消极排斥到积极排斥再到消极排斥的作用与反作用过程；二是自为排斥与自在排斥相互交错融合的过程。消除各种社会排斥的可行对策是：建立公众参与环境制度．促进环境NGO发展，强化环保执法能力．推动环保机制从政府主导型向社会制衡型转变。     

Understanding socio-cultural dimensions of environmental decision-making: A knowledge governance approach

Sociological critiques of scientific research processes and their application have developed nuanced understandings of the social, cultural and political forces shaping relationships between science and decision-making. Simultaneously, environmental researchers have sought to construct more engaged, dynamic modes of conducting research to facilitate the application of science in decision-making and action. To date, however, there are relatively few theoretically-oriented approaches that have been able to draw productive connections between the sociological critique and the practical applications that can aid in navigating this complex and diverse milieu. In this article, we propose that the concept of “knowledge governance” can bring together targeted inquiry into the socio-political context in which environmental science is situated, alongside analysis of specific interventions that change knowledge-to-action relationships. Drawing together Jasanoff’s (2005) concept of civic epistemology with Cash et al.’s (2003) knowledge systems for sustainability approach, this knowledge governance inquiry framework offers an integrative lens through which to critically reflect on knowledge-based processes, and incorporate that deeper understanding into intervention efforts. We briefly illustrate its application with reference to a pilot project examining conservation decision-making in the Western Pacific island nation of Palau.     

WATER RESOURCES AS SOCIAL PROBLEMS1

ABSTRACT. Evidence from 1969 studies in Virginia and Ohio suggests that neither community leaders nor the general public are likely to define water related problems as major problem areas. An examination of the components of a social problem tends to indicate that water problems have not moved beyond a level of minimal public concern. When respondents were willing to describe existing or potential water problems, perceptions as well as possible solutions were described in abstract rather than action-oriented terms. It is suggested that efforts to eliminate water resource problems are not likely to be effective until public concern moves to motivational and behavioral levels.     

The Lost Creek Fire: managing social relations under disaster conditions

This paper examines some of the social processes associated with disaster conditions. Utilising an asset‐based perspective of community capacity, it focuses on four types of normative systems to interpret the ability of communities to manage disasters through market‐, bureaucratic‐, associative‐, and communal‐based norms. Drawing on experience of a wildfire in the Crowsnest Pass region of southwest Alberta, Canada, in 2003, the tensions and compatibilities among these normative systems are evaluated through interviews with 30 community leaders. The results confirm the contributions of all types of social capital to resiliency, the necessity for rapid use of place‐based knowledge, and the importance of communication among all types and levels of agents. In addition, they point to the value of identifying and managing potential conflicts among the normative systems as a means to maximising their contributions. The integration of local networks and groups into the more general disaster response minimised the impacts on health and property.     

Organizational identification: Extending our understanding of social identities through social networks

Although organizational identification is founded on social identity and symbolic interactionist theories, current theories emphasize a social identity whereby organizational members categorize themselves and others based on roles and membership in an organization or work unit. In contrast symbolic interactionism, which resides in interpersonal relationships, is rarely theorized or empirically assessed in studies of organizational identification. We use survey data collected at an academic institution to explore how the strength and structure of an individual's social network both directly influences organizational identification as well as moderates the relation between social identity, or categorical, antecedents and organizational identification. Our results show that the size of an individual's network as well as the interaction between relationship strength and prestige better explain organizational identification than do antecedents based solely on categorization and social comparison processes. Thus networks of relationships, which have been a foundational but much neglected premise and process for organizational identification, are brought back into a theory of organizational identification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

德国废物管理立法的制度特色与启示

自然资源的过度消耗和废物排放引起环境退化与污染。资源节约利用和有效的废物管理是循环经济的应有之意。德罾建立了以绿点计划为代表的较为完善的废物回收、循环利用系统。废物再生利用率居世界首位，积累了发展循环经济的有益经验。德国废物管理立法主要有以下制度特色和环境政策蕴涵：“与环境相协调”的环境政策导向，延伸生产者责任，政府与民间社会分工合作的废物管理体制，生产者责任组织的成功运作。立法设定包装物回收、循环利用的目标和时间表，一次性饮料包装的强制性押金制度。