社会资本对中国环境治理绩效影响的实证分析

市场交易和政府命令一直被作为环境治理的两种有效方式,而交易成本的高昂和市场失灵的客观存在促使人们寻找除这两种方式外的其他方式.社会资本作为一个对于促进经济增长、管理自然资源与保护环境的关键变量得到学者的广泛关注.本文在对社会资本的概念、维度的梳理基础上,通过结构方程模型的实证研究,分析社会资本、社会分歧和社会能力在环境治理中的机理与影响,以期对我国开展社会资本与环境治理机制研究提供政策支持和理论借鉴.结果表明:组织层面的社会资本和社会能力与环境治理绩效呈显著的正相关,社会分歧与环境治理绩效呈显著的负相关,而个体层面的社会资本并未对环境治理绩效产生较大影响.通过交互效应分析得到社会分歧和社会能力在社会资本对环境绩效的影响过程中起到调节作用.即随着社会分歧的扩大(缩小),社会资本对环境治理绩效的影响将减弱(增强);随着社会能力的增强(减弱),社会资本对环境治理绩效的影响将增强(减弱).     

China's Migrant Workers' Social Security

Based on the definition of migrant workers and migrant workers'social security,systems,policies and regulations and status quo of specific safeguard project of social security have been analyzed.Authors draw following conclusions: China's social security systems of migrant workers show diversification and differentiation trend; national-level policies take on diversification and local-level regulations take on differentiation; social welfare and social assistance have deficiency; coverage rate of social insurance items is extremely low.     

The Challenges of Incorporating Cultural Ecosystem Services into Environmental Assessment

The ecosystem services concept is used to make explicit the diverse benefits ecosystems provide to people, with the goal of improving assessment and, ultimately, decision-making. Alongside material benefits such as natural resources (e.g., clean water, timber), this concept includes—through the ‘cultural’ category of ecosystem services—diverse non-material benefits that people obtain through interactions with ecosystems (e.g., spiritual inspiration, cultural identity, recreation). Despite the longstanding focus of ecosystem services research on measurement, most cultural ecosystem services have defined measurement and inclusion alongside other more ‘material’ services. This gap in measurement of cultural ecosystem services is a product of several perceived problems, some of which are not real problems and some of which can be mitigated or even solved without undue difficulty. Because of the fractured nature of the literature, these problems continue to plague the discussion of cultural services. In this paper we discuss several such problems, which although they have been addressed singly, have not been brought together in a single discussion. There is a need for a single, accessible treatment of the importance and feasibility of integrating cultural ecosystem services alongside others.     

云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡评价及对策研究

云南少数民族地区主要经济社会指标低于全省平均水平,经济社会发展存在很大的不平衡性,而发展失衡容易引发地区性社会风险。对云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡程度进行了评价,发现各少数民族地区都存在失衡现象,但各地区失衡程度不一,引发失衡的原因不同。因此,为了促进云南少数民族地区社会经济实现可持续发展,维护社会稳定,促进和谐社会的建立,提出了相应的对策来降低发展过程中的失衡效应。     

三峡库区农村移民家庭生活安置现状与分析

三峡移民作为迄今为止动迁规模最大、涉及面最广的非自愿性工程移民群体而广受关注。通过2009年大量的抽样调查数据来讨论三峡农村移民家庭的生活安置适应性问题。得到的基本结论：对于三峡库区农村移民家庭适应目前的居住生活,移民家庭的居住条件、医疗保障普遍得到了改善;三峡农村移民家庭的生活也存在生活成本增加和建房费用可能导致的负债隐患,这可能对移民总体的生活安置满意度的选择造成一定的负面影响;三峡农村移民家庭生活安置适应性受到搬迁时间的影响显著。因此,建议关注移民居住生活社会适应一定要与移民生活成本联系紧密;农村移民生活安置工作还要继续完善;移民的适应性与移民的可持续发展还要建立相关体系和指标,做进一步的讨论和研究     

中国液态生物质燃料产业发展的间接社会收益分析

液态生物质燃料在发展过程中具有外部性,体现出的间接社会收益应得到中国政府的重视,也是该产业扩大发展的重要依据。提出液态生物质燃料产业发展的间接社会收益概念,分析该产业在原料搜集和种植、产品消费等过程中产生的额外经济价值,以度量对改善生态环境的直接作用。在分析生物质燃料原料分布和理清原料搜集的细节后,利用直接市场法测算了未来20年中国发展液态生物质燃料的间接社会收益,发现：到2015年,来自该产业的间接社会收益将达1 000亿元以上,到2030年将突破1万亿元。巨大的社会经济价值从另一个侧面折射出液态生物质燃料产业发展的必要性     

Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts

Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital—equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth’s current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in public demand for an earth stewardship vision. Here, we draw on empirical studies and theory to show that movement toward a stewardship vision can be facilitated by changes in either policy incentives or social norms. Our novel contribution is to point out that both norms and incentives must change and can do so interactively. This can be facilitated through leverage points and complementarities across policy areas, based on values, system design, and agency. Potential catalysts include novel democratic institutions and engagement of non-governmental actors, such as businesses, civic leaders, and social movements as agents for redistribution of power. Because no single intervention will transform the world, a key challenge is to align actions to be synergistic, persistent, and scalable.     

Are Life Patents Ethical? Conflict between Catholic Social Teaching and Agricultural Biotechnology's Patent Regime

Patents for genetic material in theindustrialized North have expandedsignificantly over the past twenty years,playing a crucial role in the currentconfiguration of the agricultural biotechnologyindustries, and raising significant ethicalissues. Patents have been claimed for genes,gene sequences, engineered crop species, andthe technical processes to engineer them. Mostcritics have addressed the human and ecosystemhealth implications of genetically engineeredcrops, but these broad patents raise economicissues as well. The Catholic social teachingtradition offers guidelines for critiquing theeconomic implications of this new patentregime. The Catholic principle of the universaldestination of goods implies that genes, genesequences, and engineered crop varieties areineligible for patent protection, although theprocesses to engineer these should be eligible.Religious leaders are likely to make a moresubstantive contribution to debates aboutagricultural biotechnology by addressing theselife patents than by speculating that geneticengineering is ``playing God.'     

中国西部贫困地区可持续发展研究

本文探讨了贫困与可持续发展的相互关系。在系统阐释中国西部贫困地区可持续发展面临的现实问题、困难和障碍的基础上,着重围绕西部贫困地区可持续发展的基本内容和实施途径进行了综合性的分析和研究。     

油品储罐区风险评价技术研究

本文通过分析影响储罐安全的五大因素18项指标,系统建立了单个油品储罐的安全评价指标体系,采用层次分析-模糊综合评价方法,实现单个油品储罐的安全状况分级。并结合区域定量风险评价方法,实现对油品储罐区的整体风险评价。以某油品储罐区为例,利用建立的指标体系与区域风险评价方法,给出了单个储罐安全等级以及储罐区个人风险等值线分布图和社会风险曲线。更全面的给出了储罐区单个储罐与罐区整体不同层次的风险状况,为油品储罐区规划,管理及事故预防和应急救援提供依据。