基于社会网络分析的建筑工人不安全行为传播路径研究

为提升建筑施工安全管理水平,基于群体视角分析班组中建筑工人间不安全行为传播路径特点,运用社会网络分析理论构建建筑施工班组成员间不安全行为网络传播模型。以1个钢筋工班组为例,通过问卷调查获得样本数据,对得到的网络模型中网络密度、网络中心势、凝聚力、中心性、核心 边缘结构以及凝聚子群等指标进行量化分析。研究结果表明:建筑工人构成的不安全行为传播网络密度较高,凝聚力较强,不安全行为传播明显;技术工人作为行为领袖处于网络核心位置上,人缘较好的工人处于次级核心位置,班组长以及新工人处于班组边缘位置;不安全行为经由核心处中间人传播到其他工人;班组中存在明显的子群结构。     

我国建筑安全生产管理责任制度的政策评估与完善

综合评价了我国现行建筑安全生产管理责任制度实施的效果及其影响,指出造成当前政策争议的根源在于对事故致因的规律理解不够、对建设单位和监理单位的经济及社会属性认识不清,以及对威慑性(而不是服务性)安全管理手段的偏好。建筑安全生产责任的分配应充分考虑事故致因规律及各方控制能力,制度设计应纳入建设单位作为生产者的属性特征,政府管理应注重激励和引导的监管手段。     

浅论经济、社会与环境三效益的矛盾与统一

阐述了经济效益、社会效益与环境效益之间的相互对立统一的辨证关系，从概念和内涵对其矛盾与统一进行了分析，从其相互关系及综合评价中说明了存在的矛盾问题及解决的方法，只有运用可持续发展的理论改变传统的发展观、自然观，人类就一定能够与环境和谐共存，达到经济、社会与环境三效益的结合与统一。     

学生自我管理在学生管理工作中的实践

介绍了学生自我管理的内涵以及高职院校学生管理中存在着诸如重不得、轻不得、管不好、难作为等问题，结合实际工作论证学生自我管理在高职院校学生管理实践中的具体应用及意义，并通过转变观念、明确意义、提供机会、完善制度等几个方面讨论如何更好地培养和提高学生的自我管理能力。     

基于改进模拟退火算法的社会力量救灾派遣模型

为提高社会救援力量参与救灾的效率,针对社会力量参与灾后救援的派遣问题,提出最优化派遣模型及其求解算法.根据"量力而行、就近就便"等原则,综合考虑社会力量的救援技能掌握程度和灾区的救援需求情况,将最大化救援效益作为目标函数,以抵达灾区时间和救灾经济成本作为约束条件建立模型;采用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,根据模型改进Me...     

Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts

Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital—equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth’s current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in public demand for an earth stewardship vision. Here, we draw on empirical studies and theory to show that movement toward a stewardship vision can be facilitated by changes in either policy incentives or social norms. Our novel contribution is to point out that both norms and incentives must change and can do so interactively. This can be facilitated through leverage points and complementarities across policy areas, based on values, system design, and agency. Potential catalysts include novel democratic institutions and engagement of non-governmental actors, such as businesses, civic leaders, and social movements as agents for redistribution of power. Because no single intervention will transform the world, a key challenge is to align actions to be synergistic, persistent, and scalable.     

武汉市降尘污染特征及影响因素

以武汉市2006—2013年降尘数据为例,采用SPSS19.0软件统计分析了中部地区内陆城市的降尘污染特征及其影响因素。结果表明,月均降尘污染呈5月峰、11月谷三次曲线型,季节降尘污染呈春季夏季冬(秋)季,年均降尘量呈显著下降趋势。各功能区降尘量差异显著,从多到少顺序依次为工业区交通稠密区居商工混区清洁区。根据主成分分析结果,对于武汉这类经济发展中的中部内陆城市来说,气象因素是影响降尘的重要外在因素。社会因素是主要内在影响因素,其中经济发展因子的影响高于环境建设因子。     

Agent-based integrated assessment modelling: the example of climate change

Current approaches to deal with the socio-economic implications of climate change rely heavily on economic models that compare costs and benefits of different measures. We show that the theoretical foundations underpinning current approaches to economic modelling of climate change are inappropriate for the type of questions that are being asked. We argue therefore that another tradition of modelling, social simulation, is more appropriate in dealing with the complex environmental problems we face today.     

Understanding conflicting cultural models of outdoor cats to overcome conservation impasse

Many conservation conflicts are scientifically complex yet are rooted in value conflicts, which result in an impasse. Additional biological information alone is insufficient to resolve this type of conflict. Conceptual models that articulate the material aspects of a system are increasingly used to identify areas where parties disagree. Yet, modeling processes typically follow the conveners’ rules for discussing and assessing the topic, which can exacerbate conflict. Researchers have identified a need for processes that require participants to reflect on the limits of their own philosophical assumptions and acknowledge other perspectives. Cultural models are a promising tool for this purpose because they include nonmaterial beliefs, morals, and values that guide people's understanding of how to interact with an issue, sometimes subconsciously. We explored how cultural models used with conceptual models can improve understanding of value conflicts and used outdoor cat management as a case study. We conducted interviews and focus group discussions with wildlife conservation and cat welfare professionals involved in outdoor cat policy discussions in Hawaii and Washington, D.C. From these conversations, we developed a conceptual model of the outdoor cat management system and cultural models that led stakeholders to weigh elements of the conceptual model differently. Although wildlife conservation professionals generally spoke about outdoor cats as invasive species, cat welfare professionals spoke about them as homeless pets. These conflicting conceptualizations of what an outdoor cat is may help explain the root of many long-standing disagreements. Examining how and when stakeholders invoke different cultural models allowed us to identify management actions that work with, rather than challenge, those models. Dialogue that embraces conflicting cultural models can be difficult and uncomfortable, but has great potential to overcome conservation impasse and achieve lasting conservation results.