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761.
762.
现代石油农业在取得巨大经济社会效益的同时,生产中化肥、农药的过度使用也引发了严重的环境问题.以中国综合社会调查(CGSS2010)的数据为基础,运用多元线性回归模型分析环境污染认识情况及其影响因素.结果表明,居民对农业环境污染认知处于高认可水平;个体的户口、年龄,社会经济地位的个人年收入和受教育年限,环境感知的环境问题严重程度、环境问题关注程度显著影响居民农业环境污染认知.提出通过引导居民形成高度的环境保护意识来改善农业生产环境,确保食品安全. 相似文献
763.
Zoë Sofoulis 《Local Environment》2015,20(5):529-547
Over the course of Australia's Millennium Drought, urban water managers gained more appreciation of householders' willingness and capacities to respond to water shortages and restrictions, including by installing rainwater tanks (RWTs) for watering gardens. How urban water managers regard tanks and tank users gives insight into their understandings of social sustainability, as found in interviews conducted in 2006 and 2010. These also revealed a growing distance between policymakers and water providers pursuing a broader approach to sustainability in their communities. The RWT is considered here as a limit case for paradigms of urban water management: it challenges conventional distinctions (such as provider/consumer) and heralds a new hydropolitics. These challenges are discussed as seven kinds of trouble with tanks: (1) incompatibility with the management model and vision of modernity enshrined in the ideal of centralised provision in control of accredited water experts; (2) anxieties about control and risk aroused by these private on-site facilities and their non-expert users; (3) equivocation over their environmental effects, normally assessed in hydrological terms that downplay the benefits of green streetscapes; (4) inexplicability of their popularity within dominant economically rationalist models of customers; (5) educational effects that exceed rationalist, individualist models of learning and require more socially realistic, culturally intelligent and practice-oriented approaches; (6) generation of enthusiasms that are spurned as threats to rationality instead of harnessed to energise the sustainability journey and (7) community-building effects that are unthinkable within the neoliberal customer paradigm but graspable to water managers through lay concepts like “dinner table conversations”. 相似文献
764.
Mei-Fang Fan 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(1):24-38
Typhoon Morakot triggered flooding and mudslides in various areas and devastated Aboriginal villages located near areas under construction by the Water Diversion Project in Kaohsiung County. This paper examines the controversy surrounding Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan from the perspective of disaster governance. This study provides competing perspectives regarding who was responsible for causing the disaster. Post-disaster reconstruction initiatives by the government tend to adopt a technical approach to risk, and do not incorporate the complex social and cultural dimensions of vulnerability and sustainability. This perspective reflects misrecognition problems, and the lack of empowerment and participation in governance by residents, as well as their exclusion in decision making. Aboriginal civic groups have various methods of interacting with local residents to alleviate the suffering of survivors, promoting tribal culture and building resilient communities. This continuing development of social interactions and new forms of engagement will effectuate transformation and contribute to broader reflections on the Morakot disaster and social capability and building resilience. 相似文献
765.
Lucia Filova Jiri Vojar Kamila Svobodova Petr Sklenicka 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(11):2037-2055
This study deals with an assessment of the visual quality of landscapes, and specifically with the perception of selected elements in the landscape. The aim of the study was to find out how particular elements are perceived in various landscape types, whether this perception is affected by the landscape type in which the elements are placed, and to what extent the respondents’ characteristics affect the assessment. The study was carried out with a sample of respondents of various ages, educational levels and types of employment. The respondents came from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The preferences of the respondents were determined using an online questionnaire, in which they rated landscape photographs on a 21 point rating scale with a range from ?10 to +10 points. Using generalised linear mixed effect models, it was found that the perception of an element is most affected by the landscape type, since the same element was assessed differently according to the landscape in which it was situated. The results confirmed that selected elements which do not disturb the harmony of the landscape are generally positively perceived, and the selected elements of a technical character are generally negatively perceived. Among the characteristics of the respondents, only gender and the respondent's current place of residence have an effect on their visual preferences. 相似文献
766.
Nivine H. Abbas Irna van der Molen Manal R. Nader Jon C. Lovett 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(9):1511-1529
This research investigates how trust plays a role in environmental management in North Lebanon, which has suffered repeated episodes of armed conflict in recent times. Previous studies have shown that environmental problems have increased and that the government has been unable to address these, even during periods of relative peace. We examined trust as a factor that contributes to, or hampers, environmental management. Our analysis drew on a survey in 2011 involving 499 citizens. The results demonstrated that, according to citizens, the lack of trust between citizens, and between citizens and the public sector, is a key factor obstructing effective environmental management. The results indicate the level of correlation between how trusting people are; how citizens participate; and how people perceive government legitimacy. 相似文献
767.
随着气候变化及温室效应等问题的广泛影响,森林的碳汇功能越来越受到人们的关注。社会核算矩阵作为可计算一般均衡模型的标准数据基础,为详细描述经济系统中各部门、各经济主体以及各市场之间的联系提供了一个理想的数据支持。本文在编制我国宏观2007年社会核算矩阵的基础上,将森林碳汇的经济价值纳入到其中,对我国宏观社会核算矩阵进行扩展,扩展后的社会核算矩阵可用于森林碳汇的经济效益分析以及为建立森林碳汇的CGE模型提供数据基础。 相似文献
768.
In Taiwan, process safety accidents often occur despite the prior implementation of process hazard analysis (PHA). One of the main reasons for this is the poor quality of the PHA process; with the main hazards not being properly identified, or properly controlled. Accordingly, based on the findings of 86 process safety management (PSM) audits, dozens of post-accident site resumption review meetings, and hundreds of PSM review sessions, this study examines the main deficiencies of management practice and PHA implementation in Taiwan, and presents several recommendations for improved PHA assessment techniques and procedures. The study additionally examines the feasibility for using PSM-related information, such as process safety information and process incident information, as a tool for further enhancing the PHA quality. Overall, the study suggests that, in addition to following the basic rules of PHA and requirements of OSHA (1992),management in Taiwan should also provide training in the enhanced assessment techniques proposed herein and take active steps to incorporate PSM information into the PHA framework in order to improve the general quality of PHA and reduce the likelihood of process safety accidents accordingly. 相似文献
769.
Thomas Pienkowski Laur Kiik Allison Catalano Mirjam Hazenbosch Santiago Izquierdo-Tort Munib Khanyari Roshni Kutty Claudia Martins Fleur Nash Omar Saif Chris Sandbrook 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14022
When deciding how to conserve biodiversity, practitioners navigate diverse missions, sometimes conflicting approaches, and uncertain trade-offs. These choices are based not only on evidence, funders’ priorities, stakeholders’ interests, and policies, but also on practitioners’ personal experiences, backgrounds, and values. Calls for greater reflexivity—an individual or group's ability to examine themselves in relation to their actions and interactions with others—have appeared in the conservation science literature. But what role does reflexivity play in conservation practice? We explored how self-reflection can shape how individuals and groups conserve nature. To provide examples of reflexivity in conservation practice, we conducted a year-long series of workshop discussions and online exchanges. During these, we examined cases from the peer-reviewed and gray literature, our own experiences, and conversations with 10 experts. Reflexivity among practitioners spanned individual and collective levels and informal and formal settings. Reflexivity also encompassed diverse themes, including practitioners’ values, emotional struggles, social identities, training, cultural backgrounds, and experiences of success and failure. Reflexive processes also have limitations, dangers, and costs. Informal and institutionalized reflexivity requires allocation of limited time and resources, can be hard to put into practice, and alone cannot solve conservation challenges. Yet, when intentionally undertaken, reflexive processes might be integrated into adaptive management cycles at multiple points, helping conservation practitioners better reach their goals. Reflexivity could also play a more transformative role in conservation by motivating practitioners to reevaluate their goals and methods entirely. Reflexivity might help the conservation movement imagine and thus work toward a better world for wildlife, people, and the conservation sector itself. 相似文献
770.
Amanda N. Van Buskirk Bertram Bynum Boley Charlie H. Killmaster Kristina L. Johannsen Gino J. D'Angelo 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14028
Citizen science (CS) is gaining recognition as a valuable approach to meet data needs for environmental projects while fostering collaboration between scientists and members of the public. Despite increasing implementation of CS by natural resource entities, organizations’ motivations for engaging in CS remain poorly understood. We examined the utility of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social exchange theory (SET) in identifying factors influencing support of CS by scientific organizations. To test predictions of the TPB and SET theories, we surveyed (quantitative, web based) state wildlife agency staff in the United States on their perceptions of organizational engagement in CS. We divided questions that measured TPB items into individual and organizational components to address the influence of personal- and organization-level decision-making on staff perceptions and attitudes. We used structural equation modeling to identify key constructs that influence staff support of CS in state wildlife agencies. The survey yielded 627 responses across 44 states. Both TPB and SET constructs accurately predicted staff support of CS; however, measures from SET (e.g., public engagement benefits and costs of CS to scientific credibility) were most influential (i.e., TPB constructs had less impact). Our findings indicate that organizational support for CS is primarily influenced by assessment of trade-offs among perceived costs and benefits. Indicators of support for CS were further elucidated by including measures from the TPB model. Based on our results, we suggest that natural resource entities give careful consideration to CS project design, develop thorough communication and data management plans, and practice iterative evaluation of CS project productivity. 相似文献