Fundamentals of the Model Behind the COSMOS Methodology Used for Team Assessment in Simulator Training

Team working is the basic way of working in the control rooms of hazardous technologies and therefore its quality is a safety-relevant issue. In addition to the technological competence it is also crucial for the crews to have the necessary communicational skills. During simulator training these skills can only be improved if the simulator use is embedded in an appropriate setting. To support this skill acquisition a computer-supported methodology called COSMOS (COmputer Supported Method for Operators’ Self-assessment) has been developed. With its help more effective communication and more complete shared mental models can be fostered. This paper is a report on the psychological fundamentals and the mathematical model of the COSMOS methodology.     

新疆创建绿色学校的实践与思考

文章简要的介绍了创建“绿色学校”的重要意义,论述了在新疆开展“实施环境教育,创建绿色学校”的活动中存在的问题及原因,并就解决这类问题进行了分析研究,为积级推动和创建新疆“绿色学校”活动健康、有序地发展做了有益的探索。     

Framing frontier governance through territorial processes in the Brazilian Amazon

The policy intervention to enforce property rights and control deforestation frontiers is often undermined in the Brazilian Amazon, and this intervention problem is considered to be stemming from weak frontier governance. However, little has been understood how this governance can be strengthened in the context of social change. Drawing on a literature review of the Amazon development and sociological studies of space, this article argues that frontier governance is characterised by the co-generation of two territorial processes: the official settlement implementation (physical spacing) and the spontaneous settlers' shaping of the vernacular community (production of place). The co-generation process opens new deliberative space where both state and non-state actors claim authority over the intervention. Therefore, strengthening frontier governance involves empowering this emerging authority to be able to promote public engagement with sustainable development on the frontier. The article uses the regional history and ethnographic material collected in the southeast of Pará to illustrate the discussion.     

Contrasting community and corporate perceptions of sustainability: A case study within the platinum mining region of South Africa

The concept of sustainable development is debatable within the mining context as the fact that mineral resources are non-renewable makes mining inherently unsustainable. The need for a realistic definition of sustainability that can be applied to mining is important, in light of claims by the industry that sustainable development principles underpin aspects of their operations. Furthermore, the socio-economic upliftment that should logically follow the implementation of these principles is not visible in many mining areas. Within the theoretical frameworks of intermediate sustainability, our study aimed to determine the level of sustainability that is appropriate for the mining context. The evaluation of community perspectives within the Rustenburg platinum region in South Africa as a case study, based on qualitative information derived from structured questionnaires and informal interviews brings further clarity. We found out that the environmental and social costs associated with mining were high, while economic benefits to surrounding communities were low. The perceptions of community and corporations were found to contrast sharply: the reality experienced by community members fell well short of the optimistic scenarios presented in the corporate social responsibility reports of the mining companies, which has implications for the mining industry in the area. The Rustenburg region is typical of mining areas, more especially the developing world, and application of a realistic sustainable development concept here can help the mining industry elsewhere to move its operations onto a genuinely more sustainable path.     

高职《会展服务与管理》课程三元模式的构建

三元模式是高等职业教育改革的一条重要途径。通过把三元模式与《会展服务与管理》课程相结合,具体细化三元模式的实践应用,深化《会展服务与管理》课程三元模式的内涵,重点对高等职业教育《会展服务与管理》课程三元模式的实现途径进行了探讨,包括整合教育资源、独创性的课程设计、采用“双导师”制授课、研究教学活动特点等方面。     

职业指导贯穿高校人才培养工作全过程的研究

职业是经济社会分层的表征,职业指导随着经济社会和职业的发展应运而生。从就业形势、社会对高校人才培养的要求及大学毕业生职业核心竞争力缺失等方面对高校就业工作现状进行了分析,提出将职业指导融入人才培养机制、目标、方法和内容等各个层面,实现大学生有序就业,完成高校办学与社会需求之间的有效对接。     

Access and Local Government Research: Methodological Reflections

Abstract

This methodological paper draws on research from Australia to examine the question of gaining access to local governments in undertaking work on natural resource management. It is argued that a range of macro-level changes have impacted on the local government sector in Australia, and these changes have rendered access problematic for researchers. These changes include an expansion of local government roles, an increase in financial pressure within the sector, a proliferation of audit measures across local governments and a low level of respect amongst local government personnel for academics and academic work. The paper concludes by identifying the reasons why understanding access in qualitative research on local government and environmental sustainability is important.     

多尺度网络视角下企业产业扶贫资源跨区域配置及减贫效应

扶贫网络研究有助于解构扶贫资源的跨区域配置方式,挖掘扶贫要素的空间适配机制,对于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接有一定借鉴意义。基于上市公司精准扶贫数据构建了区域间的扶贫关联网络,运用社会网络分析法及地理加权回归（GWR）模型分析了多尺度扶贫网络格局、网络结构及其减贫效应,得到结论如下：（1）多尺度视角下的网络格局的空间异质性明显,企业的扶贫行为趋于空间邻近区域,空间指向性较强,城市间的精准扶贫关联网络呈现由“少核互联”的较稀疏网络向“多核交织”的密集型网络演进。地理距离对企业扶贫的约束仍然存在,但约束性逐渐降低。（2）扶贫关联网络复杂度不断强化,净溢出、经纪人、净受益和双向溢出四个板块间的溢出效应明显。（3）扶贫关联网络中扶贫多元化提升、区域连接数增加、区域联系强度增强及区域节点中介性提升对产业扶贫效应的发挥具有促进作用。     

Converging disciplinary understandings of social aspects of resilience

Resilience thinking has developed separately in the bodies of literature on social-ecological systems, and that published principally within developmental psychology and mental health on the resilience of individuals. This paper explores what these bodies of literature might learn from the other towards a more integrated and enriched understanding of both social-ecological systems and social resilience. The psychology-based literature recognises a strong set of factors that enhance the strengths of individuals and communities, but lacks a sophisticated integration of the physical environmental context. The social-ecological systems literature offers an excellent foundation in complex adaptive systems, but tends to superimpose ecological concepts of system function onto the human domain, and needs to include an array of core social science concepts that are important to a full understanding of social-ecological systems. An example on north eastern Australia suggests how a converged understanding of social resilience could assist managers to acknowledge, enhance and foster social resilience in linked social-ecological systems.     

‘Enclosing country park land and the conservation of military heritage:’ an Ostromian interpretation of the fools’ paradise

British colonial military heritage structures in Hong Kong are in a state of ruin and government neglect. Urgent attention is required in the form of active management to avoid the loss of valuable heritage resources and the negative impact on the landscape and environment. This paper explores two possible alternatives – user participation and social entrepreneur participation – to achieve innovative solutions to rent dissipation of these structures situated in isolated areas within protected-area boundaries, with a focus on a specific case. Emphasis is placed on fostering public participation, involving the allocation of some property rights. Elinor Ostrom's diagnostic approach to common-pool resource problems is applied to both solutions to determine the conditions necessary to achieve the objectives. The discussions are informed by social entrepreneurship principles and a version of the Coase Theorem, the latter coinciding with Ostrom's view regarding the role of property rights in achieving sustainable outcomes.