Synergy or substitution? The interactive effects of insiders' fairness and support and organizational socialization tactics on newcomer role clarity and social integration

Drawing on fairness heuristics theory (Lind, 2001) and cue consistency theory (Maheswaran & Chaiken, 1991; Slovic, 1966), we test a moderated mediation model that examines whether the institutionalization of organizational socialization tactics enhances or constrains the beneficial effects of supervisory and coworker‐referenced justice and support on newcomer role clarity and social integration. The findings of a three‐wave study of 219 French newcomers show that although institutionalized tactics strengthen the positive indirect effects of supervisory interpersonal and informational justice on role clarity, via perceived supervisor support, it also acts as a substitute that weakens the positive indirect effect of coworker‐referenced interpersonal justice on social integration, via perceived coworker support. Implications of the findings for socialization research and practice are discussed.     

矿山灾害学研究的意义及立论依据

当前，对矿山灾害防治理论的研究产生了矿山灾害学。矿山灾害学是对矿山安全减灾的系统研究，它与以往单一矿山灾害研究相比具有综合性、预测性和经济性三大特征。因此，建立矿山灾害学并积极致力于矿山灾害的研究，意义十分重大。     

市场经济与土肥科技

土肥的基础地位是不随社会性质或社会经济类型的变化而变化的，它既具重要性，又具长久性．市场经济是仍然需要土肥科技的．土肥科技的教学、科研和推广的力度必须加大，局面必须改观，且宜快不宜迟．土肥科技工作者一定要将培肥地力作为中心工作．根据广东的实际，增施有机肥是培肥地力的主要措施，因而抓秸秆还田和发展冬绿肥是我们工作的重点．     

中国省域环境效率影响因素的实证研究——基于社会嵌入视角和多层统计模型的分析

基于环境效率影响因素理论和社会嵌入性理论,概括了环境效率影响因素的社会嵌入性的认知嵌入、关系嵌入、结构嵌入、文化嵌入、政治嵌入。以资源环境经济因素为层一变量,以社会嵌入性因素为层二变量,运用多层统计模型解决了中国省域环境效率影响因素的作用路径问题;利用中国省域的1998年到2013年每个省的资本存量、人力资本、能源消耗、用水量、污染排放指数、国内总产值数据,基于超效DEA方法,测算了中国省域的环境效率;实证分析了嵌入性视角下中国省域环境效率的影响因素。结果表明:中国省域之间的环境效率存在较大的差异;环境效率的整体差异中,高达90%的份额是由各省环境效率的社会嵌入性不同造成的。显著性直接影响因素为:人均GDP、物流关系嵌入正向影响环境效率,第二产业比重、节能性政治嵌入负向影响环境效率;显著性间接影响因素为:自然保护性政治嵌入增加将削弱第二产业比重与环境效率之间的负向关系,资金流关系嵌入增加将加强天然气使用比重与环境效率之间的正向关系;既是显著性直接影响又是显著性间接影响因素为:认知嵌入既能直接正向影响环境效率又能削弱天然气使用比重与环境效率之间的正向关系。因此,中国在解决环境问题时,不仅要考虑资源环境经济因素,还要考虑社会场景因素(嵌入性因素)对环境效率的影响,并且协调好二者之间的关系,才能实现环境效率的长期稳定提高。此外,本文也是建立适合社会嵌入性理论实证分析方法的一种尝试,实证结果有助于改善新经济社会学的社会嵌入性理论缺乏实证分析的局面。     

The Effects of Discussion of Familiar or Non-Familiar Information on Opinions of Anthropogenic Climate Change

ABSTRACT

The study found that encountering new information in an online chat rather than information that participants already knew and were familiar with was more likely to reduce support for the view that climate change is due to anthropogenic causes, even though the majority of the presented information supported anthropogenic causes. Participants reported feeling more competent and knowledgeable about the topic and felt less ostracized from others in the chat when participants were already familiar with information others discussed than when information discussed by others in the chat was new information. However, they viewed other chat members as more competent and knowledgeable when those others mentioned new information. Results are discussed within knowledge deficit model of science communication and the bias for common information.     

Analysis of the relationship between environmental policies and air quality during major social events

Based on an analysis of major recent social events in China, such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2010 Shanghai World Expo, 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games, and 2014 Beijing Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference, mandatory, temporary, and indemnificatory quantitative policies aimed at protecting air quality, which were carried out by both central and local governments, made substantial contributions to changes and improvements in air quality. To some extent, the findings show that command and control measures play a significant role in protecting air quality, while the law and economic and voluntary environmental safeguard measures do not during major social events. Therefore, it reminds us the air quality could and will improve not only during major social events but also in the regular days if we implement appropriate environmental policies and safeguard measures.     

Industrial ecology: engineered representation of sustainability

Industrial ecology is a relatively new field of research and academic study and is well established in North America and in several Asian countries. However, it has not yet received the attention it deserves in some other important parts of the industrialized world, including Germany. This paper may contribute to a better appreciation of industrial ecology as a tool in the process of sustainable development of economies, social systems, and of aquatic and terrestrial biotopes under the pressure of rapidly changing conditions triggered by global warming and urban growth. For this reason, methods are needed to quantify the successful application of industrial ecology measures. The “Integrated Sustainability Triangle” is introduced as a promising new possibility of quantification and monitoring. It enables justification of the contributions industrial ecology can make to sustainable development. The aggregation of individual economic contributions is assumed to create an overall impetus to the entire industrial sector including the sector of environmental engineering. Thus, the potential of industrial ecology is discussed from the macro-economic and the engineering perspective using the concept of sustainable development as a guiding principle. But the authors come to the conclusion that finding solutions to the pressing problems of our time requires more than collaboration of economy and engineering. It requires joint efforts of the whole spectrum of scientific disciplines in close collaboration with industrial and political stakeholders.     

森林采伐更新效益综合评价的几个基本问题

本文主要探讨以用材林为主的森林采伐更新效益综合评价的几个基本问题。论述了采伐更新的特点,提出了综合评价的三个主要方面,四条基本原则以及基本方法与指标体系。最后对采伐更新的生产效益、生态与社会效益评价的具体方法进行了探讨。     

影响食品行业社会组织参与食品安全风险治理能力的主要因素研究

事实再次证明,单纯由政府主导的食品安全监管模式已无法满足人们对于食品安全的消费需求。政府和市场在食品安全风险治理中出现的政府公权和市场私权的"双重失灵",迫切需要社会组织的参与。本文通过深度访问和问卷调查的形式,基于主成分分析方法将影响食品行业社会组织参与食品安全风险治理能力的影响因素指标融合为互不相关的综合指标,并由此构建了多元线性回归模型,研究了影响食品行业的社会组织参与食品安全风险治理能力的主要因素。研究结果表明,社会组织的公信力、与政府的关系、政府支持力度、社会组织的信息公开程度、专职人员的数量与质量等因素与其参与治理能力存在较强的正相关;社会组织法定代表人年龄、现职国家机关公务人员在组织内担任职务的比例与其参与治理的能力存在较高的负相关。因此,社会组织在食品安全的风险治理中是否能发挥自身独有的优势,弥补政府和市场在食品安全风险中的双重失灵,内在地取决于社会组织的外部环境、内部治理结构与内部管理水平。构建具有中国特色的食品安全社会共治体系亟需逐步完善社会组织的立法,明确社会组织的法律地位,确保社会组织在法律框架下按照各自的章程自主性地开展的各种活动,政府在法律框架下履行支持社会组织发展的职能力度;同时优化内部人员结构,建设具有数量充足、能力结构基本完备的工作人员队伍,并依据改革要求,优化法定代表人的结构,建立诚信信息服务平台,提升自身的社会公信度,由此保障社会组织在参与食品安全风险治理过程中的独立性,发挥自身专业性、自治性等优势。     

云南边境生态危机胁迫社会的机制及其调控

云南边境作为国家实施桥头堡战略的前沿阵地,一方面,区域人口、物资的巨量＂集结-流通＂已是事实;另一方面,区域集多边主权国界线、少数民族多、社会生产落后、复杂脆弱的生态环境等突出特征于一体.新一轮的大发展对区域的生态环境将带来前所未有的冲击力,生态负荷突增导致生态危机发生概率增加,生态危机转而胁迫社会导致社会危机风险上升。基于云南边境社会特征、生态危机,从生态危机胁迫社会的一般性机制入手探寻该区域生态危机胁迫社会的机制及其调控对策,通过深入分析研究,总结得出了该区域生态危机胁迫社会的三种主要机制及四种针对性调控对策。