长株潭两型社会的生态市场培育研究

随着长株潭城市群两型社会建设的推进,培育生态市场经济已经成为必然要求。对长株潭两型社会生态市场发展面临的现状进行分析,研究了发展长株潭两型社会生态市场培育的要点与难点,最后借鉴国内外的相关经验,从法制保障、行政规制、经济手段、道德约束等方面,对长株潭两型社会的生态市场培育进行了分析与探讨。     

农户经营行为对农村生态环境影响研究

农户生产经营行为关系到生产资源的合理利用与配置,影响到农村生态系统保护及其可持续发展。本研究以武汉城市圈及长株潭城市群内的650个农户为有效样本,分析了农户经营行为对农村生态环境及其五种表现形式的影响。结果表明:①劳动力投入行为中收入来源、家庭人均收入对农业面源污染有显著负面影响,家庭常住人口、家庭人均年收入对生活垃圾污染分别有显著正、负面影响;②农户文化程度越高,越能认识到农村生态环境污染问题;③经营规模越大,农业面源污染越严重,而对其它四类表现形式影响不显著;④农业投资力度越大,为提高产量而会造成越严重的农业面源污染及水质污染;⑤农户经营组织行为中,有机肥施用行为会造成农业面源污染,这些未施用的有机肥又会加剧生活垃圾污染,而且有机肥使用越多,农业面源污染及水质污染也就变弱。另外,参加技术培训会降低农业面源污染和水质污染。可见,农户经营行为更多地是在影响农村生态环境中的农业面源污染、水质污染及生活垃圾污染,对空气噪音污染及工业转嫁污染的影响并不明显。     

半城市化地区农村社会和空间变迁研究〖HT2”SS〗——以江苏省姜堰市城郊结合部为例

城市化的快速推进,在城市建成区边缘和资源禀赋条件较好的农村地区产生了大量半城市化地区。在城市化、工业化等多重影响下,半城市化地区经历着从单一农村社会向城乡多元社会的转变。以姜堰市城郊结合部为例,分析半城市化对农村地区社会和空间变化的影响。结果表明：半城市化地区就业结构和居民家庭收入来源的非农化水平不断提高,农业在就业结构和家庭收入来源中的重要性逐渐下降;空间结构和功能呈现出更多的城市特征,居住空间正在由传统的自然村落向城市社区过渡。同时,半城市化地区存在着土地利用混杂低效、基础设施和公共设施服务匮乏、原住居民就业和社保形势严峻等亟待破解的问题。最后,针对姜堰市城郊结合部现状提出建议,推进城市化的健康发展     

中国环境友好型社会评价体系构建与应用

根据环境友好型社会的内涵和建设途径，遵循指标体系构建原则，结合中国实际，建立了一套包括3个层次31个指标的环境友好型社会综合评价指标体系。根据所选定的指标体系。利用多目标二级决策法和变异系数法对一、二级指标确定权重，并运用TOPSIS法对中国各地2004年的环境友好型社会建设水平进行了排序、评价。结果表明：各地环境友好型社会建设水平普遍不高，与经济发展水平有一定的正相关性，地域格局上呈现出东部、东北、中部、西部依次递减的趋势；环境友好型社会建设水平的区域差异主要表现在地带间的差异。     

和谐社会构建中的企业安全文化建设研究

运用决策树对企业安全文化建设进行最优决策分析发现,企业一般不会自觉地投入资金来进行安全文化建设,而是存在一种侥幸心理,因此,需要对其施加监督外力;通过构建一个由政府安监部门和企业参与的监督博弈模型并进行分析表明,政府安监部门加大对企业不进行安全文化建设的处罚力度并不是最优策略,鼓励并帮助企业进行安全文化建设才是最优选择。和谐社会构建中仍需运用"和谐"原则来指导和帮助企业进行安全文化建设。     

Evaluating household waste treatment systems with specific examination of collection and transportation processes

To form a sustainable recycling society, control industrial waste, and reutilize resources from waste to the greatest extent possible, we evaluated the waste collection system in terms of CO₂ emissions, the energy consumed, the amount recycled, the final disposal amount, and cost, particularly addressing the collection and transportation processes of domestic waste and using LCA evaluation for multiple policies. The results showed that enforcement of a combination of five optimal policies (as assessed in terms of their evaluation indexes), i.e., the use of clean energy gas-powered vehicles, the station method, collection of waste segregated into 11 categories, collective collection, and simple pay-as-you-go charges, might cultivate residents’ sense of responsibility in terms of controlling waste discharge.     

山东县域社会经济协调发展格局及对策研究

县域作为一个相对独立的区域,在制定发展战略、寻求经济增长途径时,必须处理好经济发展与社会进步的关系.本文运用发展函数模型,根据区域协调发展的内涵,构建评价县域社会和经济协调发展的指标体系.对山东省91个县市(不包括地级市市区)的数据运用综合指数和协调发展函数等方法进行定量分析,得到县域社会和经济综合指数、协调度、发展度和协调发展度.研究表明:山东省91个县域的社会、经济综合指数存在由东部沿海向西部内陆递减、由鲁中向南北递减的特征,大多数县市经济发展明显滞后于社会发展;91个县市总体的协调水平较高,表现在绝对数值相差不大,所属类别相对集中,但大多县市是一种低水平的协调;根据协调发展度的大小,将山东省91个县域划分为3大类8亚类,3大类为协调发展类、亚协调发展类和失败衰退类.最后基于91个县市所属的协调发展类型提出不同类型县域社会和经济协调发展的相应对策.     

Framing fracking: scale-shifting and greenwashing risk in the oil and gas industry

In this paper, I examine corporate environmental communication on hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, and industry efforts to shape public perception of resource extraction and its impacts on the environment. I look at how the oil and gas industry (OGI) frames fracking to ease public fear by downplaying risk and shifting its scale with rhetoric presenting the benefits of this emergent technology. Contrasting and building on ecological modernisation versus risk society ideas, I use OGI print advertising supplemented by corporate social responsibility statements and other online material to critically evaluate framing in light of the practice of corporate greenwashing. Findings reveal OGI efforts to positively portray fracking in the interest of unfettered resource extraction and profits from energy production. Several themes emerge in OGI framing rhetoric, starting with the establishment of trust through education and claims of transparency and continuing with ideas touting safety and responsibility, scientific progress, economic benefits and jobs, energy security, environmental protection, and sustainability. On the whole, such rhetoric reflects ecological modernisation ideas that shift the perception of risk and its consequences, framing fracking in a way that obscures the negative impacts of dependency on a fossil fuel-based economy.     

Clashing coalitions: a discourse analysis of an artificial groundwater recharge project in Finland

The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the dynamics of knowledge production in the context of large-scale environmental projects causing local conflict. In particular, the paper analyses the discourse coalitions that formed around an artificial groundwater recharge project for the Turku Region in Finland. The material for this study consists of over 400 articles and opinion pieces which were collected from local and regional newspapers between 1999 and 2010. The articles were analysed by using Hajer's [1995. The politics of environmental discourse. Ecological modernisation and the policy process. Oxford, UK: Clarendon] discursive framework, and the analysis was complemented with the concept of knowledge coalition by Van Buuren and Edelenbos [2004. Conflicting knowledge. Why is joint knowledge production such a problem? Science and Public Policy, 31 (4), 289–299]. Results of the study indicate that knowledge coalitions were formed among the researchers, lay residents, and policy-makers, and they all utilised similar expertise-based factual arguments to support their cause. Thus, the paper participates in the academic discussion on the use and interpretation of expert knowledge in environmental policy-making by reshaping the division between experts and lay residents.     

农村环境善治的逻辑重塑——基于利益相关者理论的分析

农村环境污染问题是我国实现十八届五中全会倡导的五位一体重大战略的突出矛盾,也是学术界需要研究的核心问题之一。本研究利用利益相关者理论分析法,对我国农村环境治理失灵的内在机理进行理论解释,认为政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等利益相关者的不同利益诉求和行为导向,造成了目前农村环境污染的现实困境。分析发现:正是政府层面重视经济发展,轻视监管职责;企业层面重视经济利润,轻视社会责任;农民层面重视生计诉求、轻视安全需求;城市层面突破政府管制,转嫁污染成本;环保组织力量资源有限,难以提供环保功能以及科研院校重视环保技术研发,轻视科技推广,才导致了现阶段农村环境污染愈演愈烈。因此,只有明确政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等利益相关者的角色定位,充分发挥好各自的环保功能,真正构建起农村环境的共同治理体系,才能克服不同利益相关者之间的冲突和相互博弈状态,进而实现农村环境善治的目标。研究结论表明:农村环境善治的内涵体现为政治国家与公民社会的合作参与、共同治理乡村环境问题.其主要特征为合法性、透明性、责任性、回应性、有效性,其实质是在乡村环境治理中,构建起强国家和强社会的"双强"模式。通过构建这种"双强"模式使国家与社会在乡村环境治理中达成利益均衡共识,彼此协同合作,共同致力于乡村环境的善治之道,以此彻底改变现在的乡村污染面貌,最终实现十八届五中全会倡导的生态良好农村战略构想。