北京市安全生产与经济社会发展耦合关系研究

调查和研究北京市安全生产历史资料数据,系统地分析生产安全的发展历史、现状、特征与存在的问题;选取3大类18个与安全生产关系密切的经济社会相对指标,通过散点图、相关系数、主因子分析等方法建立了亿元产值死亡率与经济社会相对指标的回归模型;结合目前北京市的安全生产现状,使用差分自回归滑动平均法及趋势分析法,计算未来各类事故死亡人数、亿元产值死亡率的变化趋势,并预测全市安全生产的发展趋势;提出经济社会和安全监管方面的相关对策建议,为有关部门制定政策规划提供理论依据。     

Evaluating household waste treatment systems with specific examination of collection and transportation processes

To form a sustainable recycling society, control industrial waste, and reutilize resources from waste to the greatest extent possible, we evaluated the waste collection system in terms of CO₂ emissions, the energy consumed, the amount recycled, the final disposal amount, and cost, particularly addressing the collection and transportation processes of domestic waste and using LCA evaluation for multiple policies. The results showed that enforcement of a combination of five optimal policies (as assessed in terms of their evaluation indexes), i.e., the use of clean energy gas-powered vehicles, the station method, collection of waste segregated into 11 categories, collective collection, and simple pay-as-you-go charges, might cultivate residents’ sense of responsibility in terms of controlling waste discharge.     

山东县域社会经济协调发展格局及对策研究

县域作为一个相对独立的区域,在制定发展战略、寻求经济增长途径时,必须处理好经济发展与社会进步的关系.本文运用发展函数模型,根据区域协调发展的内涵,构建评价县域社会和经济协调发展的指标体系.对山东省91个县市(不包括地级市市区)的数据运用综合指数和协调发展函数等方法进行定量分析,得到县域社会和经济综合指数、协调度、发展度和协调发展度.研究表明:山东省91个县域的社会、经济综合指数存在由东部沿海向西部内陆递减、由鲁中向南北递减的特征,大多数县市经济发展明显滞后于社会发展;91个县市总体的协调水平较高,表现在绝对数值相差不大,所属类别相对集中,但大多县市是一种低水平的协调;根据协调发展度的大小,将山东省91个县域划分为3大类8亚类,3大类为协调发展类、亚协调发展类和失败衰退类.最后基于91个县市所属的协调发展类型提出不同类型县域社会和经济协调发展的相应对策.     

Framing fracking: scale-shifting and greenwashing risk in the oil and gas industry

In this paper, I examine corporate environmental communication on hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, and industry efforts to shape public perception of resource extraction and its impacts on the environment. I look at how the oil and gas industry (OGI) frames fracking to ease public fear by downplaying risk and shifting its scale with rhetoric presenting the benefits of this emergent technology. Contrasting and building on ecological modernisation versus risk society ideas, I use OGI print advertising supplemented by corporate social responsibility statements and other online material to critically evaluate framing in light of the practice of corporate greenwashing. Findings reveal OGI efforts to positively portray fracking in the interest of unfettered resource extraction and profits from energy production. Several themes emerge in OGI framing rhetoric, starting with the establishment of trust through education and claims of transparency and continuing with ideas touting safety and responsibility, scientific progress, economic benefits and jobs, energy security, environmental protection, and sustainability. On the whole, such rhetoric reflects ecological modernisation ideas that shift the perception of risk and its consequences, framing fracking in a way that obscures the negative impacts of dependency on a fossil fuel-based economy.     

Clashing coalitions: a discourse analysis of an artificial groundwater recharge project in Finland

The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the dynamics of knowledge production in the context of large-scale environmental projects causing local conflict. In particular, the paper analyses the discourse coalitions that formed around an artificial groundwater recharge project for the Turku Region in Finland. The material for this study consists of over 400 articles and opinion pieces which were collected from local and regional newspapers between 1999 and 2010. The articles were analysed by using Hajer's [1995. The politics of environmental discourse. Ecological modernisation and the policy process. Oxford, UK: Clarendon] discursive framework, and the analysis was complemented with the concept of knowledge coalition by Van Buuren and Edelenbos [2004. Conflicting knowledge. Why is joint knowledge production such a problem? Science and Public Policy, 31 (4), 289–299]. Results of the study indicate that knowledge coalitions were formed among the researchers, lay residents, and policy-makers, and they all utilised similar expertise-based factual arguments to support their cause. Thus, the paper participates in the academic discussion on the use and interpretation of expert knowledge in environmental policy-making by reshaping the division between experts and lay residents.     

农村环境善治的逻辑重塑——基于利益相关者理论的分析

农村环境污染问题是我国实现十八届五中全会倡导的五位一体重大战略的突出矛盾,也是学术界需要研究的核心问题之一。本研究利用利益相关者理论分析法,对我国农村环境治理失灵的内在机理进行理论解释,认为政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等利益相关者的不同利益诉求和行为导向,造成了目前农村环境污染的现实困境。分析发现:正是政府层面重视经济发展,轻视监管职责;企业层面重视经济利润,轻视社会责任;农民层面重视生计诉求、轻视安全需求;城市层面突破政府管制,转嫁污染成本;环保组织力量资源有限,难以提供环保功能以及科研院校重视环保技术研发,轻视科技推广,才导致了现阶段农村环境污染愈演愈烈。因此,只有明确政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等利益相关者的角色定位,充分发挥好各自的环保功能,真正构建起农村环境的共同治理体系,才能克服不同利益相关者之间的冲突和相互博弈状态,进而实现农村环境善治的目标。研究结论表明:农村环境善治的内涵体现为政治国家与公民社会的合作参与、共同治理乡村环境问题.其主要特征为合法性、透明性、责任性、回应性、有效性,其实质是在乡村环境治理中,构建起强国家和强社会的"双强"模式。通过构建这种"双强"模式使国家与社会在乡村环境治理中达成利益均衡共识,彼此协同合作,共同致力于乡村环境的善治之道,以此彻底改变现在的乡村污染面貌,最终实现十八届五中全会倡导的生态良好农村战略构想。     

城市“邻避”风险的情境演变与治理应对

城市品质化发展与现代化治理的时代进程，迫切要求政府持续深化“邻避”风险防范化解。对城市“邻避”风险情境要素的考察发现，当前“邻避”风险的环境敏感性、经济相关性同近年来低烈度的区域扩散趋势叠加，政府“邻避”风险决策的地方性特征与治理议题的多元化趋势叠加，媒体在风险扩散中的高动员性与网络社群的分散化趋势叠加，公众“邻避”行动的抗争性与动机的多重性叠加。面对“邻避”风险情境演变所施加的治理压力，政府需从“增长逻辑”向“发展逻辑”转变，重新明确“邻避”风险治理中的政府角色。进而，本文从常态治理机制、提升决策品质、推动“去污名化”的知识生产、全面保障公众利益等方面具体探讨政府的治理应对。     

农村公共卫生危机应急响应问题研究——以M镇新冠疫情为例

在重大公共卫生危机面前,基层农村提高公共危机应急响应能力,对于整个危机解除以及农村秩序恢复具有重要意义。本文以2019年底发生的全球性重大公共卫生危机——新冠疫情为例,以公共危机应急响应为视角,通过网络问卷调查方式,对农村在应急响应阶段的演化路径展开调研。通过调查发现,农村危机应急响应面临2个阶段困境:前期基层政府与群众反应不对等以及后期次生危机再生。基于此,结合农村特殊性分析困境存在的原因,并提出建议,以期为基层农村公共卫生危机管理提供借鉴。