SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD PREDICTION ACCURACY USING WEPP1

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this paper are to discuss expectations for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) accuracy, to review published studies related to WEPP goodness of fit, and to evaluate these in the context of expectations for WEPP's goodness of fit. WEPP model erosion predictions have been compared in numerous studies to observed values for soil loss and sediment delivery from cropland plots, forest roads, irrigated lands and small watersheds. A number of different techniques for evaluating WEPP have been used, including one recently developed where the ability of WEPP to accurately predict soil erosion can be compared to the accuracy of replicated plots to predict soil erosion. In one study involving 1,594 years of data from runoff plots, WEPP performed similarly to the Universal Soil Loss Erosion (USLE) technology, indicating that WEPP has met the criteria of results being “at least as good with respect to observed data and known relationships as those from the USLE,” particularly when the USLE technology was developed using relationships derived from that data set, and using soil erodibility values measured on those plots using data sets from the same period of record. In many cases, WEPP performed as well as could be expected, based on comparisons with the variability in replicate data sets. One major finding has been that soil erodibility values calculated using the technology in WEPP for rainfall conditions may not be suitable for furrow irrigated conditions. WEPP was found to represent the major storms that account for high percentages of soil loss quite well—a single storm application that the USLE technology is unsuitable for—and WEPP has performed well for disturbed forests and forest roads. WEPP has been able to reflect the extremes of soil loss, being quite responsive to the wide differences in cropping, tillage, and other forms of management, one of the requirements for WEPP validation. WEPP was also found to perform well on a wide range of small watersheds, an area where USLE technology cannot be used.     

大气污染预测软件的测试

针对大气预测工作中可能出现的各种偏差,结合影响大气扩散的主要因素,对大气污染预测软件的测试方法进行了归纳,提出了测试大气预测软件的基本方案。     

测震单台数字化分析软件的使用技巧

着重叙述了测震单台数字化分析软件SSDP、NNVSIAS的系统设置及使用技巧 ,并就工作中出现的一些问题给出具体的解决办法 ,特别对NNVSIAS在震相分析中的正确使用、震源对话框的恰当运用给出了详细的说明。     

DETERMINATION OF UNGAGED TRIBUTARY FLOWS AND INTERSEGMENTAL RESERVOIR FLOWS USING SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE1

ABSTRACT: Spreadsheet software was utilized on two related large scale trial and error problems. Gaged streamflow data and known reservoir volumes were used to construct a daily continuity balance in order to estimate the daily mean flows from ungaged portions of a study watershed over one year. Watershed yield coefficients were determined for two diverse types of watersheds with and without significant ground water contribution. Subsequently, a spreadsheet template was devised to ensure than an EPA supported water quality model, WASP, would successfully model the actual segmental volumes of a flood control reservoir. Inlet, outlet, and intersegmental advective flows were determined on a two week average basis using a continuity balance, segmental routing, and known segmental volumes. The protocols described relate the use of microcomputers to the resolution of hydraulic and hydrologic problems requiring iterative solutions.     

USE OF MICROCOMPUTERS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY DATA1

ABSTRACT: Information on raw water quality, treatment process removal efficiency, and distribution system monitoring is essential to the proper management and operation of a water utility system. Microcomputer hardware and software systems using commercially available data base management systems (DBMS) have emerged within the last few years as an effective means of managing, analyzing, and displaying water quality data. Understanding hardware, software, and training requirements is essential to the proper use of these systems. Three types of data base design are common: relational, hierarchical, and network. Only the relational type of data base architecture is widely implemented on microcomputer DBMS. In this paper two examples of the application of DBMS to water utility problems are presented. One example deals with collection and analysis of data concerning the water quality of the Mississippi River. The second example deals with the DBMS as a means of analyzing water quality data in the North Penn Water Authority (NPWA) distribution system.     

有毒物质泄漏扩散模型模拟软件系统开发

为评估有毒物质泄漏事故后果,分析了相关文献中有毒物质泄漏扩散模型,并在此基础上运用Visual Studio 2013开发平台,利用C#编程语言和SQL Server 2008数据库系统,构建了基于B/S模式的定量评估有毒物质泄漏事故后果的Web系统,实现了泄漏事故危险特征参数计算和事故后果危害范围图形显示。实例应用表明,该系统具有一定的工程应用价值,可为企业安全管理、泄漏事故预防和控制提供依据。     

城市生态信息系统的开发与实施

本文提出了城市生态信息系统开发研制模式，探讨了系统设计与实施的基本步骤，对系统分析、系统规划、初步设计、详细设计和系统实施等主要应用系统开发环节作了详细的论述，并根据国内空间信息系统的发展趋势，提出了系统软、硬件的配置要求。     

城市环境研究中新型投入产出模型软件包的开发

新型投入产出模型是城市环境研究的一个有效方法。本文介绍的新型投入产出模型软件包是为高效而简便地应用模型，规范化地处理数据而在ＩＢＭＰＣ／ＸＴ微机上开发出来的。软件包的设计立足于科学性、通用性、多功能、易掌握等原则，为城市环境系统的分析、预测和规划提供了一个有力的工具。     

基于Web GIS的饮用水水源地水质安全监控系统的研究

基于Web GIS的饮用水水质监控系统,利用Internet/Intranet技术、GIS技术、数据库技术和环境保护技术,建立了完善的水污染监测与管理网络体系,实现了水源地污染空间信息、属性信息的综合管理.首先介绍了此系统的需求目标,进一步阐述了系统的体系结构、数据库设计和主要功能.     

水工监测信息管理系统软件设计探讨

介绍了水工监测信息管理系统软件的设计思想和功能。系统针对现场监测人员的实际需要,集成了各种与监测有关的信息管理、检索查询、资料整编、统计分析、图形可视化、报表制作、监测数据建模及预测等功能;还讨论了监测软件开发过程中会出现的一些共性问题。系统具有自主版权,功能齐全,数据库及系统架构设计合理,有助于实现水利工程的信息化施工和反馈。