Conservation Businesses and Conservation Planning in a Biological Diversity Hotspot

The allocation of land to biological diversity conservation competes with other land uses and the needs of society for development, food, and extraction of natural resources. Trade‐offs between biological diversity conservation and alternative land uses are unavoidable, given the realities of limited conservation resources and the competing demands of society. We developed a conservation‐planning assessment for the South African province of KwaZulu‐Natal, which forms the central component of the Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany biological diversity hotspot. Our objective was to enhance biological diversity protection while promoting sustainable development and providing spatial guidance in the resolution of potential policy conflicts over priority areas for conservation at risk of transformation. The conservation‐planning assessment combined spatial‐distribution models for 646 conservation features, spatial economic‐return models for 28 alternative land uses, and spatial maps for 4 threats. Nature‐based tourism businesses were competitive with other land uses and could provide revenues of >US$60 million/year to local stakeholders and simultaneously help meeting conservation goals for almost half the conservation features in the planning region. Accounting for opportunity costs substantially decreased conflicts between biological diversity, agricultural use, commercial forestry, and mining. Accounting for economic benefits arising from conservation and reducing potential policy conflicts with alternative plans for development can provide opportunities for successful strategies that combine conservation and sustainable development and facilitate conservation action. Negocios de Conservación y Planificación de la Conservación en un Sitio de Importancia para la Biodiversidad     

Use of Inverse Spatial Conservation Prioritization to Avoid Biological Diversity Loss Outside Protected Areas

Globally expanding human land use sets constantly increasing pressure for maintenance of biological diversity and functioning ecosystems. To fight the decline of biological diversity, conservation science has broken ground with methods such as the operational model of systematic conservation planning (SCP), which focuses on design and on‐the‐ground implementation of conservation areas. The most commonly used method in SCP is reserve selection that focuses on the spatial design of reserve networks and their expansion. We expanded these methods by introducing another form of spatial allocation of conservation effort relevant for land‐use zoning at the landscape scale that avoids negative ecological effects of human land use outside protected areas. We call our method inverse spatial conservation prioritization. It can be used to identify areas suitable for economic development while simultaneously limiting total ecological and environmental effects of that development at the landscape level by identifying areas with highest economic but lowest ecological value. Our method is not based on a priori targets, and as such it is applicable to cases where the effects of land use on, for example, individual species or ecosystem types are relatively small and would not lead to violation of regional or national conservation targets. We applied our method to land‐use allocation to peat mining. Our method identified a combination of profitable production areas that provides the needed area for peat production while retaining most of the landscape‐level ecological value of the ecosystem. The results of this inverse spatial conservation prioritization are being used in land‐use zoning in the province of Central Finland.     

职业安全专业软件的应用及其产业化发展

概略介绍了国内外各类安全应用软件,并对安全软件产业化进行了实例分析,总结了安全软件产业发展的特点,并对我国安全软件的产业化提出了若干建议。     

Experimental data and CFD performance for cloud dispersion analysis: The USP-UPC project

Forecasting the behaviour of a flammable or toxic cloud is a critical challenge in quantitative risk analysis. Recent literature shows that empirical and integral models are unable to model complex dispersion scenarios, like those occurring in semi-confined spaces or with the presence of physical barriers. Although CFD simulators are promising tools in this regard, they still need to be fully validated with comprehensive datasets coming from experimental campaigns designed ad-hoc. In this paper, we present an experimental campaign carried out by a joint venture between University of São Paulo and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya to investigate CFD tools performance when used to analyse clouds dispersion. The experiments consisted on propane cloud dispersion field tests (unobstructed and with the presence of a fence obstructing the flow) of releases up to 0.5 kg s⁻¹ of 40 s of duration in a discharge area of 700 m². We provide a full 1-s averaged propane concentration evolution dataset of two experiments, extracted from 29 points located at different positions within the cloud, with which we have tested FLACS^® CFD-software performance. FLACS reproduces successfully the presence of complex geometry, showing realistic concentration decreases due to cloud dispersion obstruction by the existence of a fence. However, simulated clouds have not represented the whole complex accumulation dynamics due to wind variation.     

Cadna/A噪声预测软件在火电厂工程环评中的应用

火电厂较一般的工业项目源强较多,以某35万千瓦超临界间接空冷火电厂为例,采用Cadna/A噪声预测软件预测了投产后产生的噪声影响,预测结果表明火电厂企业采取相应的降噪措施后,厂界噪声能够满足《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》(GB12348-2008)中的3类标准要求,对环境敏感点昼夜噪声预测值能满足《声环境质量标准》(GB3096-2008)的2类标准要求,说明该项目的降噪设计可行。     

可靠性鉴定试验受试样品的软硬件联合测试技术

为了研究一种可靠性鉴定试验中受试样品的软硬件联合测试方法,首先总结了软硬件联合测试的目的、对象、实施时机及传统测试需要的改进之处和可借鉴之处,进一步研究了软硬件联合测试与传统可靠性试验的关系。然后在考查软件与硬件测试结合的基础上,提出了两层结构立体测试运行剖面的方法,即利用子剖面与环境剖面的对应关系建立软件测试与硬件测试的联系,将两种测试统一在同一时间轴上,得出了软硬件联合测试的一般流程。     

化工生产装置活性危害评估

活性危害的评估由理论筛选,热稳定性的实验筛选,动力学参数的检测装置,紧急排放系统的设计、筛选和放大,过程设计和优化等几个部分组成.     

Excel在水环境监测数据分析中的应用

针对水环境监测数据分析中常用的制图、水质类别判断、综合污染指数计算和湖库富营养化指数计算等方面,用VBA语言编写了在Excel中运行的宏,以提高环境监测数据处理时自动化水平,提高工作效率。     

活性污泥模型及其工艺软件的研究进展

简要介绍了活性污泥模型从传统静态模型到最新动态模型的发展过程，总结了各种活性污泥模型及其工艺软件特点，重点对国内研究进展进行了综述。     

Some requirements of an interactive software tool for life cycle analysis

This paper briefly presents the current practice for carrying out life cycle inventories, and mentions some advantages and drawbacks of a few dedicated software tools that are commercially available. A list is presented of some features that we think should be present in an ‘ideal’ life cycle analysis (LCA) software tool, after the specifications made at Ecobilan for the development of a specific tool for LCA. Some consideration is given to the technical difficulties involved, and the benefits that could be expected from the implementation of such features.