黄钠铁矾法氧化去除废锂电池硫酸浸出液中的铁

废锂电池中含有的Co、Ni和Cu等金属具有回收价值,Fe的存在降低了有价金属的回收效率。为去除废锂电池硫酸浸出液中的Fe,采用黄钠铁矾法分别以氯酸钠和过氧化氢作为氧化剂氧化除Fe,并优化了过氧化氢作为氧化剂的除Fe工艺参数。实验结果表明:过氧化氢作为氧化剂的除Fe效果好于氯酸钠;在n(H2O2)∶n(Fe)=0.5、初始溶液pH为1.8、终点pH为2.5、反应时间为2.0 h、搅拌速率为500 r/min的最佳工艺条件下,初始ρ(Fe)为0.212g/L的硫酸浸出液经除Fe处理后ρ(Fe)小于0.004 g/L,Fe去除率达98.0%,Co、Ni和Cu的损失率分别为1.04%、2.17%和1.41%。     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。     

催化湿式氧化处理碱渣废水的研究

以催化湿式氧化 (CWO)技术对碱渣废水进行治理 ,考察了各种反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明 ,在 2 30℃ ,6 6MPa ,空速 8h-1的反应条件下 ,CODCr的去除率 78% ,硫的去除率达到 99% ,BOD5/CODCr超过 0 8,并对CWO处理后的尾气进行了分析 ,表明除空气和CO2 以外没有其它有害气体。     

Lix54-100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜

本文对Lix5 4 10 0萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究 ,发现其具有动力学速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃容易及不萃氨等特点。并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收 ,在铜初始浓度为 15 6.96g/L ,相比为 2∶1条件下 ,用 80 %Lix5 4 10 0 -煤油经过三级错流萃取 ,铜的浓度可下降到 2 6.88g/L。三级总萃取率达 82 .87%。由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程 ,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一     

Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tea and Coffee Samples of Mumbai City (India) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

This paper describes a method for quantification of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea and coffee samples of Mumbai City with the help of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detector. This method is based on liquid–liquid extraction followed by clean up with C-18 cartridge. Concentration of total PAHs in different brands of tea and coffee samples varied from 18.79 to 31.37 μg/L and from 16.47 to 18.24 μg/L, respectively. Mean concentration of total PAHs was 27.56 μg/L in tea and 17.20 μg/L in coffee. Recoveries at different concentration levels were higher than 68% in samples of tea and coffee. Detection limit was found to be low (0.0006 ng) for anthracene and highest (0.174 ng) for naphthalene with relative standard deviation between 0.4%–7%.     

废弃菌糠资源化过程中的成分变化规律及其环境影响

针对废弃菌糠的循环利用工艺,选取杏鲍菇菌糠、平菇菌糠、菌糠有机肥等具有阶段代表性的样品,测定其营养组分、元素含量,分析菌糠在连续栽培和废弃菌糠堆肥处置过程中成分的变化,同时分析了菌糠/菌糠有机肥的重金属环境风险评估及淋溶状态下对环境可能的影响.结果表明,连续栽培后菌糠中水分下降13.8%,蛋白质、糖类则分别上升32.9%和20.4%,仍剩余大量营养物质;废菌糠堆肥后蛋白质、糖类分别下降50%和79%,木质素、纤维素、半纤维素无明显变化,C/N比下降,总腐殖酸量增加18.6%.通过重金属含量的测定,确定菌糠/菌糠有机肥中的As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr等重金属指标均低于我国《NY525-2012有机肥料》的限值标准.菌糠/菌糠有机肥所含氮、磷、有机物均有淋出趋势,其中有机肥的氮、有机物淋失累积量相比菌糠下降15.0%和62.8%.     

城市污水污泥与咖啡渣的混燃特性分析

利用热重分析法研究了城市污水污泥、咖啡渣在不同气氛及不同混合比例条件下,其单一样及其混合样的燃烧特性,计算了各类综合燃烧特性指数,并对他们的燃烧动力学进行了建模.结果表明,单一污泥样品的燃烧曲线存在3个明显的失重峰,分别对应于水分的析出、挥发分的析出燃烧、难燃有机物及固定碳的燃烧.咖啡渣燃烧则分为挥发分析出及燃烧、挥发分的燃尽和固定碳燃烧两个明显阶段.污泥中混合咖啡渣后,污泥燃烧特性有所改善,其中混合30%咖啡渣后污泥的挥发分释放特性指数D、可燃性指数C、燃尽指数Cb、综合燃烧特性指数S分别增加了1.5、1.0、0.3、1.7倍,与燃烧气氛N_2/O_2相比,污泥和咖啡渣混合试样在CO_2/O_2气氛中燃烧受到了一定的抑制作用.利用Coats-Redfern积分法计算得到不同条件下污泥、咖啡渣及其混合样燃烧的质量平均表观活化能(Em)分别在30.49~36.72 k J·mol~(-1)、63.07~118.90 k J·mol~(-1)、37.80~44.49k J·mol~(-1)范围.可以分别用f(α)=(1-α)0.5、f(α)=(1-α)2描述污泥、咖啡渣及其混合样燃烧的第一挥发分峰前及峰后的燃烧机理.     

A spatially explicit estimate of the prewhaling abundance of the endangered North Atlantic right whale

The North Atlantic right whale (NARW) (Eubalaena glacialis) is one of the world's most threatened whales. It came close to extinction after nearly a millennium of exploitation and currently persists as a population of only approximately 500 individuals. Setting appropriate conservation targets for this species requires an understanding of its historical population size, as a baseline for measuring levels of depletion and progress toward recovery. This is made difficult by the scarcity of records over this species’ long whaling history. We sought to estimate the preexploitation population size of the North Atlantic right whale and understand how this species was distributed across its range. We used a spatially explicit data set on historical catches of North Pacific right whales (NPRWs) (Eubalaena japonica) to model the relationship between right whale relative density and the environment during the summer feeding season. Assuming the 2 right whale species select similar environments, we projected this model to the North Atlantic to predict how the relative abundance of NARWs varied across their range. We calibrated these relative abundances with estimates of the NPRW total prewhaling population size to obtain high and low estimates for the overall NARW population size prior to exploitation. The model predicted 9,075–21,328 right whales in the North Atlantic. The current NARW population is thus <6% of the historical North Atlantic carrying capacity and has enormous potential for recovery. According to the model, in June–September NARWs concentrated in 2 main feeding areas: east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and in the Norwegian Sea. These 2 areas may become important in the future as feeding grounds and may already be used more regularly by this endangered species than is thought.     

Recycling of spent mushroom compost using earthworms Eisenia foetida and Eisenia andrei

A 90-day study conducted to explore the potential of epigeic earthworms Eisenia foetida and Eisenia andrei to transform the different types of agricultural wastes and spent mushroom compost into value-added product, i.e., vermicompost. Vermicomposting resulted in significant reduction in C:N ratio, pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, TK; and increase in total Kajeldahl nitrogen, TP, and various micro and macronutrients compared to those in the worm feed. Our trials demonstrated that the vermicomposting could be considered as an alternate technology for recycling and environmentally safe disposal/management of the mushroom cultivation complexes’ residues mixed with different types of agricultural waste using epigeic earthworms E. foetida and E. andrei.