我国水资源开发利用中亟待解决的几个认识问题

本文在分析８０年代在以来我国用水变化趋势基础上，探讨了北方地区的缺水程度，并对南水北调工程和可调水量提出了下些看法；文章还从水资源管理模式、法制和法规建设等方面阐述了对当前我国水资源管理政策方面的认识，从水的有效利用与水源保护、水的定价与成本回收、与水有关的社会与环境问题等方面论述了我国２１世纪将面临的有关水问题。     

Some of the Nineteenth Century Origins of the Sustainability Concept

Interpreting and applying the concept of sustainable development is increasingly viewed as being the way to promulgate just and practicable economic, environmental and social policy. It is thus important that there be increased public and political awareness concerning the origins of economic theory, and its early relationship to sustainability concepts. While the term 'sustainable development' was popularised by the World Commission on Environment and Development report Our Common Future in 1987, it is generally recognised that notions of sustainability were promoted in `limits to growth' and 'green' discourses in the early 1970s (Meadows et al.: 1974, The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome, Potomac Associates and Pan Books, London and Sydney). However, there is little acknowledgement of the way in which nineteenth century intellectuals, from a range of disciplines, conceptualised the importance of balancing economic, social and environmental sustainability in their quest for justice and the conservation of nature.There was a considerable exchange of ideas on `political economy' and nature across Europe, and later the Americas, from the middle of the eighteenth century. This discourse reached its intellectual peak in the nineteenth century. During that era there was a proliferation of literature that was aimed at improving the human condition and recognising humanity's dependence upon nature. In Europe and the USA the participants in the debate included Cantillon, Quesnay, Condorcet, Galiani, Von Hayek, Marx and George. Due to the breadth of this influential body of work, we focus here on the British Victorian thinkers such as Darwin, Malthus, Martineau and Mill. These thinkers influenced each other in developing their theories and ideas in science, politics, economics and philosophy, and were influenced in turn by an earlier generation of intellectuals, such as Adam Smith. For the Victorian thinkers, conserving nature while trying to improve the distribution of wealth was a not a paradox, but a moral duty, and for them Smith's `rational' pursuit of self-interest could only be followed if it did not interfere with 'the rules of justice'. We argue that the manner in which these thinkers conceptualised their theories and ideas represents the nineteenth century origins of sustainability concepts.     

大有作为的"绿色化工"--未来的可再生柴油

20世纪可谓“石油世纪”，石油在社会发展中的作用和战略价值日益重要，其消费迅猛增长，其开采如同对大自然的掠夺。结果是：21世纪的前50年，人类已步入石油短缺和枯竭的时期。找寻代替石油的新型能源已成为当前重大而迫切的战略问题。其解决的主要途径和方法尚待探讨和研究，但“绿色化工”——可再生生物柴油是最有潜力的途径和方法之一。     

新世纪企业环境战略研究

介绍了环境营销的定义，开展环境营销的必要性及其给企业和社会带来的好处，指出在新世纪，为了实现可持续发展，企业不仅要做好自身的污染防治工作，更应变被动为主动，选择环境营销导向，从战略的高度来审视企业的环境活动和行为，并对企业进行重新组织，同时本文还对企业建立环境营销战略的具体环境行为作了进一步探讨。