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11.
When using stable enzyme genes from a thermophile to create a biosensor in Escherichia coli, it is vital that these genes be overexpressed in order to provide a sufficient supply of enzymes. In this study, overexpression of the NADH oxidase (Nox) gene from the thermophile Deinococcus geothermalis was successfully achieved with the aim of creating a stable biosensor active at room temperatures. To do so, modification of 10 nucleotides, GAAATTAACT, upstream of the start codon of the Nox gene was necessary. 相似文献
12.
模拟干旱胁迫对诸葛菜无机碳利用的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究喀斯特适生植物的碳酸酐酶应对岩溶干旱机制,本实验以诸葛菜为研究对象,以聚乙二醇(polyethyleneglycol,PEG)浓度为控制因子,已知δ13 C值的NaHCO3为无机碳源模拟喀斯特干旱逆境,测定分析不同浓度PEG下诸葛菜叶片的碳酸酐酶活力、稳定碳同位素组成、净光合速率和叶绿素荧光等指标。结果表明,诸葛菜的碳酸酐酶活力在PEG胁迫浓度低于40g·L-1时显著性增高;碳酸氢根离子利用份额随PEG浓度变化不同,10g·L-1时利用份额最多,20g·L-1时诸葛菜的碳酸氢根离子利用份额与对照相比无显著性差异;净光合速率随着PEG浓度的增加而下降,且下降趋势成非线性关系;PEG浓度低于40g·L-1时,荧光参数显示光合系统未受到损坏。适当的渗透逆境胁迫下,诸葛菜表现出高碳酸酐酶活力应对逆境。诸葛菜可凭借碳酸酐酶作用交替利用碳酸氢根离子和大气中的二氧化碳,补充诸葛菜因渗透胁迫造成的水分和二氧化碳的不足,保护光合系统,减缓净光合速率的下降。 相似文献
13.
滨岸缓冲带控制农田氮磷流失的作用和机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农田面源氮磷的流失是导致河流湖泊等水体产生富营养化的主要原因之一,其带来的环境、经济及社会问题已引起国内外广泛关注。近年来,关于滨岸缓冲带截留污染物的效率和机理已成为研究热点。文章介绍了滨岸缓冲带在农业面源污染防治上的功能和作用,论述了滨岸缓冲带对氮磷养分的截留转化机理以及稳定同位素技术在机理研究中的应用,讨论了影响滨岸缓冲带截留转化氮磷养分的调控因子,在此基础上就目前滨岸缓冲带控制农田氮磷流失研究中存在的问题提出了未来的研究展望。 相似文献
14.
介形类对其生活的水体环境极其敏感,其壳体的物质几乎全部来自水体,因此壳体的化学组成常常用来反演古气候环境,然而对于青海湖介形虫壳体不同组成的控制因素存在诸多争议和不确定性。本文以沉积物捕获器在青海湖于2010年7月至2011年10月期间获得的介形虫样品为研究对象,结合CTD同步监测的湖水环境参数,探讨了青海湖现生的两个种属介形虫(意外湖花介和胖真星介)丰度和氧、碳同位素(δ18O、δ13C)的季节和年际变化特征及各自控制因素。结果表明,意外湖花介壳体的丰度比胖真星介的高一个数量级,但青海湖两种介形虫出现和丰度变化均受湖水温度直接控制。意外湖花介和胖真星介壳体的δ18O和δ13C均存在明显的年际和季节性变化及种属差异,而同步沉淀的自生碳酸盐却有较为均一的δ18O组成;两个种属介形虫壳体δ18O的年际差异是夏季水温系统差异的直接表现,而δ18O的季节性变化并不受控于降水和蒸发(P/E)比率,而可能主要与由高温诱发的大量自生碳酸盐沉淀有关;青海湖介形虫壳体δ13C的变化并不是单一因素控制的结果,可能也与湖水温度、自生碳酸盐沉淀等因素有关。本研究提出的自生碳酸盐沉淀对介形虫壳体δ18O和δ13C的控制作用,对于我们认识青海湖介形虫的环境意义及沉积物中介形虫壳体化学组成的古环境信息提取具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
15.
Achievement of at least “good ecological status” in all waterbodies under the EU Water Framework Directive by 2015 will in some cases be a challenge. The twin challenge is to manage expectations of policy makers for such waterbodies as to a realistic length of time required for improvement in water quality. Hence, understanding the source, transformation processes and residence time of nitrate in a hydrological system is an essential part of meeting such challenges. On a dairy farm with 24 shallow groundwater wells, the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N and δ18O) was used to clarify nitrate sources, to assess spatial and temporal variability in nitrate concentrations and to determine if and where denitrification was occurring. Vertical travel time was estimated to correlate nitrate concentrations with management practices. Organically derived nitrogen was the predominant source contributing to groundwater nitrate concentrations. Denitrification was identified as prevalent within specific regions of the study site. The distinct low temporal variability in the isotopic data suggests constancy among nitrate sources and processes over time across the study site. Vertical travel times of up to 3 years were estimated on site indicating the influence of recent management practices on nitrate concentrations. Very slow horizontal migration of groundwater (decades) indicates a legacy of older management practices. Stable isotope techniques, together with an understanding of time lag, provide an extra mechanism to test the efficacy of monitoring and mitigation programmes. 相似文献
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18.
Subsurface soils near Clyde Forks, Ontario, Canada, can have naturally high concentrations of mercury (Hg) from local geological sources. To investigate Hg in local aquatic food webs, Hg was measured in fish dorsal muscle (mainly yellow perch [YP] and pumpkinseed sunfish [PS]) and surface sediments from 10 regional lakes. Water chemistry, along with fork length, weight, and stable isotopes (delta15N, delta13C, delta34S) in fish were also measured. No lake sediments had elevated (>0.3microg/g dw) Hg, and average Hg concentrations in fish were not sufficiently high (<1microg/g dw) to be of concern for fish-eating wildlife. Variance in fish Hg was best explained by dietary carbon source (delta13C), and certain lake variables (e.g., pH for YP). PS with more pelagic feeding habits had higher delta34S and Hg than those with more littoral feeding habits. Potential biological linkages between fish Hg and delta34S, a parameter that may be related to the lake sulphate-reducing bacteria activity, requires further investigation. 相似文献
19.
Asante KA Agusa T Mochizuki H Ramu K Inoue S Kubodera T Takahashi S Subramanian A Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):862-873
Trace elements (22) and stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C) were analyzed in marine organisms from shallow (SW) and deep-water (DW) of the East China Sea to understand biomagnification and prey source of trace elements. In the benthic marine organisms from DW, δ15N values were negatively correlated with Ba, Cu, Ag, Mo, Sr, As, and Co concentrations. This may be due to the specific accumulation in lower trophic animals and/or the biodilution through the food web in DW. Relationships between δ15N and concentrations of Co, Cr, Bi, and Tl in fish and Ag, Bi, V, Hg, and Tl in crustaceans showed positive correlations, suggesting that trophic position was affecting the concentrations of those elements in phyla, with higher trophic animals retaining higher concentrations than the lower trophic animals. Positive correlations between δ13C and Rb were observed in marine organisms. Therefore, Rb may be a possible substitute of δ13C as tracer of prey source in the East China Sea although further investigation is required. 相似文献
20.
一直以来植物都是多领域的研究重点,随着非传统稳定同位素的不断发展,植物非传统稳定同位素研究日益增加。但因植物样品中有机物含量高,同位素分馏复杂,样品前处理及测定中存在诸多难题。本文对植物样品非传统稳定同位素工作中常用的前处理方法和测定技术进行了总结。综述了直接萃取法、湿法消解和高温灰化法的原理、操作和优缺点;以K、Ca、Mg、Fe、B等典型非传统稳定同位素为例介绍了非传统稳定同位素常用测定技术,旨在为植物样品的非传统稳定同位素测定进行梳理,最后对其应用方向和测试方法的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献