用于燃料电池的甲醇水蒸气重整反应制氢的研究

研究了甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应过程中各种因素对Cu／ZnO／Al2O3催化剂的活性和选择性的影响。结果表明：Cu／Zn比为2．0的催化剂在250℃反应时，催化剂效果较好，最合适反应条件是：压力0．1MPa，温度250℃，n(H2O)：n(CH3OH)=1．0-1．2，液体流速0．1mL／min。在Cu／ZnO／Al2O3)，催化剂上，甲醇水蒸气重整、甲醇分解和水气转换反应随反应条件的不同而发生相互抑制或促进作用。     

Steam reforming of glycerol for syngas generation under cold plasma conditions: A DFT study

Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the reaction pathways with steam reforming of glycerol under cold plasma conditions. Total energies, energy barriers, and reaction enthalpies at 298.15 K have been calculated at the GGA/PW91/DNP level. The calculation shows that, with the presence of steam, the energy barrier of glycerol conversion is reduced and the conversion from glycerol to H₂ and CO is promoted under cold plasma conditions. The formation of syngas was through a multi-step pathway via the conversion of OHCH₂CHOH, CH₂OH, CH₂O, HCO,·and CH₃, while the recombination of H generated extra H₂. The synthesis of hydrocarbons are from the recombination of·CH₃,·CH₂, and·CH, which could be primarily generated through glycerol dissociation. The structure of glycerol anion was also studied in this work, and it was less stable than the neutral molecule. The route for the formation of OHCH₂CHOH·and CH₂OH·from glycerol anion is thermodynamically favorable.     

膜蒸馏去除水中砷的研究

采用新型膜蒸馏技术对水中As（III）与As（Ⅴ）的去除展开了研究。实验结果表明,膜蒸馏对水中As (III)及As (Ⅴ)具有较高的去除能力：当产水中砷含量超过10 μg/L时,原水中As (III)与As (Ⅴ)的浓度可分别高达40 mg/L和2 000 mg/L。局部润湿现象的存在导致As (III)及As (Ⅴ)跨膜至产水侧,PVDF微孔膜在溶液中的负电性以及As (III)与 As (Ⅴ)在溶液中存在形式的不同导致膜蒸馏对两者去除能力的差异。360 h连续运行过程中产水通量及电导率稳定,且整个过程中As (III)均低于检测限,说明PVDF微孔膜具有良好的疏水性和稳定的除砷性能。     

Experimental investigation of a solar water distillation-cum-drying unit

In this communication, a new design of solar-energy-based water distillation cum drying unit with parabolic reflector has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Bitter gourd and potato slices are chosen as a drying commodity. Thermal performance of the developed system has been evaluated based on the experimental results and using linear regression analysis. Heat transfer coefficients (convective, evaporative, and radiative) for solar distillation system have been observed to be 2.48–4.09, 13.25–52.38, and 8.75–9.66 W/m²°C, respectively. Overall thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency for the distillation system has been found to be 18.77% and 1.2%, respectively. The convective heat transfer coefficient for potato slices are observed higher for initial hours and decreases as the day progresses. The average convective heat transfer coefficients for bitter gourd and potato slices have been observed as 2.18 and 5.04 W/m²°C, respectively. Experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty for bitter gourd and potato slices are found to be 42.93% and 37.06%, respectively. The present design of solar distillation and drying in a single unit could be beneficial for the development of remote, arid, and rural areas.     

1000 MW燃煤机组电除尘深度节能技术研究及应用

电除尘设备在减少工业粉尘排放量、降低大气环境污染、保护生态环境等方面有着重要的作用,随着我国对节能减排工作的重视及环保要求的提高,保证其安全、稳定、经济、节能运行成为火电厂环保工作重点。对北仓电厂三期2×1000 MW机组电除尘电场供电方式优化、电除尘振打方式优化、电除尘闭环控制技术、电除尘高频电源技术、电除尘灰斗、瓷套蒸汽加热技术组合集成应用进行了研究,在确保除尘效率达到要求的情况下,降低运行电耗。相关的电除尘深度节能技术成果在国内同类型设备中具有一定的借鉴意义。     

用于干式脱污的CaO蒸汽活化实验研究

利用小型活化转炉实验台对以CaO为主要成分的钙基脱污剂在300～650℃的温度范围内进行蒸汽活化处理,结合X射线衍射和压汞仪的分析结果,初步探讨了蒸汽活化的机理.研究表明,蒸汽活化温度在600℃以上时,脱污剂孔隙结构有显著的改善,比孔容积和比表面积有着显著的增加,微孔(＜100nm)的数量大量增加,而低温下蒸汽活化的效果不是十分明显;研究还发现高温下延长活化时间有利于改善脱污剂的孔隙结构.     

火力发电厂汽轮机的安全评价

介绍了火力发电厂设备中的汽轮机的本体结构, 以及汽轮机的安全评价内容.针对汽轮机的本身特点和安全评价内容,提出了两种安全评价方法对汽轮机进行安全评价.     

膜蒸馏处理页岩气井压裂返排液

页岩气压裂返排液的有效处理是页岩气开发急需解决的关键环保问题之一。针对新页HF-1井页岩气压裂返排液经预氧化结合湿式氧化（PO-WAO）工艺处理的出水COD不达标、含盐量高等技术难题,采用膜蒸馏处理技术对工艺的出水进行深度处理。通过膜蒸馏单因素和正交实验表明料液温度和冷凝温度对膜蒸馏处理效果影响较大,在料液温度、冷凝液温度、真空度、运行时间分别为80℃、8℃、0.090 MPa和60 min的最佳工艺条件下,膜通量可达1.750 L·（m2·h）-1,出水COD浓度为95.8 mg·L-1,出水水质可满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）中一级排放的要求。膜蒸馏出水中电导率为63 μS·cm-1,氯化钠的质量浓度为1.168 0 mg·L-1,可有效降低处理后的压裂废液对周围土壤的盐碱化伤害。     

基于Bayesian网络的常减压装置设备故障概率分析

为分析影响常减压蒸馏装置平稳运行的设备失效模式及故障部件,基于1 151条设备故障数据,采用Bayesian网络分析方法,分别对离心泵、压缩机、电动机构建基于Bayesian网络的设备故障概率分析模型,分析故障部件、失效模式、故障后果之间的定量概率关系。研究结果表明：离心泵、压缩机、电动机停运的关键致因部件分别为轴承箱密封故障、活塞环故障、轴承故障,同时得到导致设备停运的故障部件敏感度排序。研究结果有助于提高设备故障风险防范及检维修工作效率,同时可为备件优化方案提供思路。     

钢渣膨胀性的实验

钢渣具有高碱度的特点,当碱度>2时转炉渣中的氧化钙将有一部分以游离氧化钙的形式存在。游离氧化钙是造成转炉渣膨胀的主要因素。本试验采用压蒸法测定了高炉渣和转炉渣的膨胀性,考虑了粒度和陈化时间对转炉渣膨胀性的影响,为高炉渣和转炉渣的应用提供依据。