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81.
发展资源再生产业是中国资源战略的一场革命 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国已经成为资源消耗大国,实施再生型资源战略,发展循环经济是我国的必然选择。资源再生产业与“循环经济”取代“线性经济”、经济全球化形成“国际大分工”和“国际大循环”的发展趋势同步,是解决资源和环境问题的根本出路。资源再生产业是一座“富矿”,没有“资源再生”就没有中国的“环境保护”。中国资源再生产业的发展为什么步履艰难?它和进口渠道不畅。国民对资源短缺认识不足、传统的“线性思维方式”的影响,来自国内外“利益集团”的阻力,以及政策不刭位等因素密切相关。因此,提出中国发展资源再生产业的对策和建议:①在经济相对滞后、交通便利的地区建立“资源再生加工区”;②建立畅通的全球物质回收“绿色通道”;③建立“国际再生资源交易市场”;④成立“国际资源再生促进会”;⑤改变“线性经济”背景下的传统观念。 相似文献
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中国资源型城市经济转型问题与战略探索 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
资源型城市经济性转型正面临着重大的经济、社会和资源环境问题:①城市产业结构属于资源型、粗放型的传统初级产业结构。技术水平与效益低下;②就业和社会保障压力巨大;③资源濒临枯竭。环境污染和生态问题严重;④机制体制问题突出。创新能力不足。资源型城市的经济成功转型需要战略创新。具体战略包括:发展目标创新——社会福利均等化、经济持续发展、生态环境整治与社会经济协调发展的三大效益目标;循环经济发展战略一多元化产业结构优化。构建生态产业体系。转变传统增长方式;资源替代与产业替代战略;科技创新战略——依靠高新技术的后发优势战略;生态城市战略;机制体制创新战略等。 相似文献
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In developing countries, planning in the forestry sector has been seen as an appropriate instrument to prepare and implement government policies and programs. Despite its potential and recent advancements in, for example, remote sensing and infrastructure, tropical forest land-use planning is often formal and non-integrated with agriculture. It rarely involves all legitimate stakeholders and neglects taking into account actual land-use. The socio-economic and environmental consequences of these shortcomings emphasise the need for alternative ways of approaching planning. This article summarises the idea, structure and current status of the Area Production Model (APM), originally developed in the 1980s, which is now gaining interest as a land-use planning tool in Africa and Asia. It describes the development over time of production and consumption in agriculture and forestry within a defined geographical area operating under different assumptions on management, land use and socio-economic and macro-economic changes. From a narrow perspective, the APM is a fairly simple computerised tool for generating scenarios. In a broad sense, it is a concept comprising the whole planning process including organisation, inventory, data analysis, consensus building and strategy. A case-study in Laos, based on verified data for a historical period of 45 years, and a review of different APM applications in the world over the last 15 years are presented as a base for conclusions about its potential and shortcomings. In some cases where the APM concept was used in training courses and planning exercises involving stakeholders, it generated a strong interest in collecting and analysing relevant information. It provides the means of addressing a number of shortcomings in current planning. 相似文献
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86.
青藏铁路决策的战略环境影响识别 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文在对青藏铁路决策进行分析的基础上,论述了对青藏铁路决策进行战略环境影响识别的必要性,探讨了青藏铁路施工期和运营期的环境影响,并提出了减缓环境影响的措施。 相似文献
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88.
CARLY N. COOK BONNIE C. WINTLE STEPHEN C. ALDRICH BRENDAN A. WINTLE 《Conservation biology》2014,28(6):1474-1483
The nature of conservation challenges can foster a reactive, rather than proactive approach to decision making. Failure to anticipate problems before they escalate results in the need for more costly and time‐consuming solutions. Proactive conservation requires forward‐looking approaches to decision making that consider possible futures without being overly constrained by the past. Strategic foresight provides a structured process for considering the most desirable future and for mapping the most efficient and effective approaches to promoting that future with tools that facilitate creative thinking. The process involves 6 steps: setting the scope, collecting inputs, analyzing signals, interpreting the information, determining how to act, and implementing the outcomes. Strategic foresight is ideal for seeking, recognizing, and realizing conservation opportunities because it explicitly encourages a broad‐minded, forward‐looking perspective on an issue. Despite its potential value, the foresight process is rarely used to address conservation issues, and previous attempts have generally failed to influence policy. We present the strategic foresight process as it can be used for proactive conservation planning, describing some of the key tools in the foresight tool kit and how they can be used to identify and exploit different types of conservation opportunities. Scanning is an important tool for collecting and organizing diverse streams of information and can be used to recognize new opportunities and those that could be created. Scenario planning explores how current trends, drivers of change, and key uncertainties might influence the future and can be used to identify barriers to opportunities. Backcasting is used to map out a path to a goal and can determine how to remove barriers to opportunities. We highlight how the foresight process was used to identify conservation opportunities during the development of a strategic plan to address climate change in New York State. The plan identified solutions that should be effective across a range of possible futures. Illustrating the application of strategic foresight to identify conservation opportunities should provide the impetus for decision makers to explore strategic foresight as a way to support more proactive conservation policy, planning, and management. 相似文献
89.
Loss and damage (L&D) from climate change has threatened the sustainable development of humankind, while the progress of mitigative and adaptive measures carried out under the international multilateral framework has been slow. The scientific community and policymakers have placed increasing emphasis on the international L&D response mechanism as a potential direct solution. This paper reviewed the origins of such a mechanism, with an in-depth analysis of the related connotations. A review of the existing situation in China on work related to L&D arising from climate change was conducted, followed by a summary of the findings. Finally, measures and recommendations to improve China’s efforts were proposed in this issue. 相似文献
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