滤膜法测定大气所■子体放射性浓度的计算公式推导

推导了用滤膜法测定环境空气中放射性(气土)子体(ThB、ThC)浓度的计算公式及其潜能公式,为放射性环境空气质量监测提供了一种方便简捷的方法。     

松花江干流洪水预测和影响评估及对策建议

根据历史数据,分析了松花江干流(哈尔滨段)水位变化的历史规律和典型洪水年洪水的成因,计算和分析了其与松花江、嫩江、二松流域面雨量的相关性,统计和分析了其与拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子等的关系.利用方差周期和均生函数方法,建立了2004-2013年拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子及松花江、嫩江、二松流域面雨量的预测方法,并进行了预测,建立了松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最高水位趋势的综合预测方法,得出了2004-2013年的预测值.提出了相应治理的对策建议.     

基于活化能指标的煤自燃倾向性及发火期研究

在煤的自燃及热分析动力学的基础上,结合对神东矿区3种煤样进行了热重实验,运用热重分析手段对煤从常温到燃点之间的氧化热解过程进行了研究。运用不同动力学机制模型函数分别对热重分析数据进行了处理和相关性分析,结果表明煤炭氧化热解过程符合一级化学反应动力学机制,据此求出活化能等动力学参数。对基于活化能指标的煤的自燃倾向性及自然发火期进行了初步研究。经过研究发现,该方法是科学的、客观的。     

PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN1

ABSTRACT: One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady‐state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.     

Reference Conditions of Alpine Streams: Physical Habitat and Ecology

Natural and near-natural streams are rare in the densely populated areas of the Alps. A variety of anthropogenic impacts have resulted in the alteration and sometimes even complete destruction of these systems. Nowadays it is difficult to find un-impacted streams that are strongly needed to define the natural variability and ecosystem processes. The results from freshwater inventories and habitat assessments conducted in protected areas in Austria (Nationalpark Hohe Tauern) and Italy (Naturpark Rieserferner-Ahrn) were used to develop a comprehensive typology of Alpine streams. Three different levels were used to discriminate between the distinct stream/river types: source (glacial vs. non-glacial), hierarchy (i.e. location within the stream system) and topography/ channel morphology. Important characters defining the structure and function of these stream types are gradient, substrate composition, flow pattern and riparian vegetation. Benthic fauna assemblages from 99 near-natural stream segments in glacial and non-glacial systems demonstrated the effect of glaciation on abundance levels of the total macroinvertebrate fauna, EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and the chironomid subfamily Diamesinae in different altitudes. A general decrease of abundances with increasing altitude was found. While stream segments with a degree of glaciation >10% primarily showed reduced abundances at all altitudes, lower (<10%) or no glaciation did not influence invertebrate abundances at lower reaches. Due to the near-natural conditions of the selected stream segments, a valuable definition of reference conditions of Alpine streams based on habitat characteristics is available. As a basis it offers excellent opportunities to conduct holistic interdisciplinary studies in protected areas in the future.     

新疆地区地温采暖技术的应用探讨

针对寒冷地区建筑物的采暖方式，介绍一种新型的区域供暖方式－－地温水源热泵（地温中央空调）供暖系统，为寻找新型供暖方式提出了环保安全、绿色节参采暖制冷新理念。     

青岛即墨温泉沉积物特征及其对地热资源的标识意义

文章结合多种技术手段对青岛即墨温泉盆地第四纪沉积物进行研究。通过研究发现，在即墨温泉典型沉积物（矿泥）中，含有大量石膏、岩盐等与高矿化温泉地热水密切相关的自生矿物，以直隶小旋螺为代表的腹足类陆生软体动物化石和以土星介为代表的节肢动物介形虫化石在远离温泉喷口处大量分布，而在喷口附近缺失。根据胶东地区现有温泉与温泉沉积物的渊源关系，建立温泉沉积物对隐伏地热资源的标识性特征。     

QUANTIFICATION OF INCISED CHANNEL EVOLUTION AND EQUILIBRIUM1

ABSTRACT: Incised channels are caused by an imbalance between sediment transport capacity and sediment supply that alters channel morphology through bed and bank erosion. Consistent sequential changes in incised channel morphology may be quantified and used to develop relationships describing quasi‐equilibrium conditions in these channels. We analyzed the hydraulic characteristics of streams in the Yazoo River Basin, Mississippi in various stages of incised channel evolution. The hydraulic characteristics of incising channels were observed to follow the sequence predicted by previous conceptual models of incised channel response. Multiple regression models of stable slopes in quasi‐equilibrium channels that have completed a full evolutionary sequence were developed. These models compare favorably with analytical solutions based on the extremal hypothesis of minimum stream power and empirical relationships from other regions. Appropriate application of these empirical relationships may be useful in preliminary design of stream rehabilitation strategies.     

AN EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL STREAM HABITAT ATTRIBUTES USED TO MONITOR STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: The last few decades have seen an increased reliance on the use of stream attributes to monitor stream conditions. The use of stream attributes has been criticized because of variation in how observers evaluate them, inconsistent protocol application, lack of consistent training, and the difficulty in using them to detect change caused by management activity. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of environmental heterogeneity and observer variation on the use of physical stream attributes as monitoring tools. For most stream habitat attributes evaluated, difference among streams accounted for greater than 80 percent of the total survey variation. To minimize the effect that variation among streams has on evaluating stream conditions, it may be necessary to design survey protocols and analysis that include stratification, permanent sites, and/or analysis of covariance. Although total variation was primarily due to differences among streams, observers also differed in their evaluation of stream attributes. This study suggests that if trained observers conducting a study that is designed to account for environmental heterogeneity can objectively evaluate defined stream attributes, results should prove valuable in monitoring differences in reach scale stream conditions. The failure to address any of these factors will likely lead to the failure of stream attributes as effective monitoring tools.     

火电厂推行ISO14001体系与节能降耗

分析了环境管理体系(EMS)中的节能降耗与火电厂传统的节能工作之间的区别与联系，并通过火电厂推行EMS所取得的节能降耗实绩，阐述其对传统节能工作的促进作用。