Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream using non-thermal plasma

In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO_2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously,the removal of NO and SO_2 from dry gas stream(NO/SO_2/N_2/O_2)with very little O_2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge.Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O_2 concentration of 0.1%.The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream.It seems that SO_2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream.The mechanism of removal of NO and SO_2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.     

香溪河附石性大型底栖动物功能摄食类群研究

利用1∶50 000地形图对香溪河进行划分,显示香溪河为一条6级河流。分析包括捕食者(PR)、撕食者(SH)、刮食者(SC)、直接收集者（GC）和过滤收集者(FC)在内的5个主要功能摄食类群的组成,发现香溪河主要摄食类群以直接收集者和刮食者为主。各功能摄食类群的密度和生物量随着河流级别的变化而发生变化,基本趋势为：直接收集者和滤食者的密度和生物量都随着河流级别的增加而增大;撕食者和刮食者的密度和生物量的密度随着河流级别的增加而减小;而捕食者在整个流域内的密度上游小于下游,生物量却是上游大于下游。研究结果表明香溪河在夏季其上游物质来源以附石性藻类生产为主,下游则以异源性细有机颗粒输入为主。此外,功能摄食类群的密度与部分环境因子具有显著的相关性：过滤收集者与Ca2+和河宽相关,收集者与SiO2相关显著,刮食者与海拔和氨氮相关性较高,撕食者与电导和PO4 P相关性较高.     

TDE-324CI数据采集器强震实时数据流格式及解码过程浅析

介绍了TDE-324CI数据采集器的软件接口,包括TCP／IP网络数据流通讯协议、命令控制字和网络数据流接口,对实时数据流格式进行了具体的分析和描述,最后通过实例分析了实时数据流解码的实现并列举了程序代码。     

昆明市城市河流景观特征及其变化分析

河流作为一种门然要素,是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,近年来,城市河流的廊道功能退化,导致其生态质量不断恶化,河流生态功能的正常实现关系到整个城市的可持续发展和城市人居环境的适宜度.应用景观生态学原理对城市河流展开多尺度、多学科的综合研究是解决城市河流问题的必然趋势.根据景观生态学的廊道理论、尺格局原理、源汇理论等,在现...     

小型季节性河流生态补水需水量及调度方案研究

针对目前城市河流经常断流的突出问题, 以重庆主城典型重污染河流伏牛溪为例, 开展城市小型季节性河流生态补水自动调度方案的研究。通过分析伏牛溪年内径流特征, 确定了其补水时段为每年的11月~次年4月;通过计算伏牛溪生态环境需水量, 认为对于小型季节性河流的补水不应一味地追求常年丰沛、稳定的水量, 而应以重塑季节性河流天然健康的自然流态为目标, 从而提出了一种基于天然健康需水量的生态补水调度方案, 并制定了河源水库电动阀门及补水泵的运行控制策略等具体技术措施。结果表明, 采用该调度方案, 不仅能实现伏牛溪生态补水系统的自动化运行, 而且与现有补水系统运行方式相比, 可节能67.4%, 为补水系统的可持续运行创造了条件。     

城市河流沉水植物与大型底栖动物群落的关系

城市河流渠道化造成河流水生态系统普遍退化,重建水生生物栖息地,修复城市河流水生态系统成为近年来的研究热点.针对水生植物修复对大型底栖动物群落演替影响的科学问题,选择北京清河4个沉水植物修复河段为研究区域,于2012~2013年期间开展河流大型水生植物与大型底栖动物的季节动态监测,利用聚类分析、排序分析和方差分析比较水生植物修复区和对照区的大型底栖动物群落差异.研究结果表明采用沉水植物修复对大型底栖动物的密度、生物多样性和群落结构的稳定恢复具有显著效果,但不同叶片形态的沉水植物中底栖动物的密度、物种数、生物多样性和功能摄食类群的组间方差不显著,表明采用不同形态植被修复对大型底栖动物群落的恢复和次生演替的生态效应较为一致.大型底栖动物以直接收集者为绝对优势类群,表明沉水植物通过稳定局部微生境的底质和流速条件,为大型底栖动物提供更为适宜的生境条件,促进河流沉积物中的有机质转化.     

Stream Temperature Patterns over 35 Years in a Managed Forest of Western Washington

Stream temperature changes as a result of forest practices have been a concern in the Pacific Northwest for several decades. As a result of this concern, stream protection requirements for forest lands were first adopted in the early 1970s and have become progressively more stringent. While there have been multiple studies examining the effects of stream protection buffers on water temperature, there are few studies examining temperature patterns over long periods on intensively managed forests. Water temperature in the upper Deschutes River watershed, Washington has been monitored since 1975 and represents one of the longest studies of water quality on managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. This data record, collected from basins of varying sizes, has enabled us to examine the combined effects of hydro‐climatic patterns and forest management on stream temperature. Effects of harvest conducted prior to buffer regulations were clearly identifiable and most pronounced on smaller streams. We were not able to detect any response on larger channels to more recent timber harvest where riparian buffers were required. This analysis also emphasizes that it is critical to account for changing climate when examining long‐term temperature patterns. We found that in many cases the temperature improvements associated with more stringent buffer requirements implemented over the last 35 years in the Deschutes watershed have been offset by warming climatic conditions.     

Interpolating SRTM Elevation Data to Higher Resolution to Improve Hydrologic Analysis

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been a valuable resource for hydrological analysis, providing elevation data at a consistent resolution on a near‐global scale. However, its resolution (three arc‐second or 90 m) is sometimes too low to obtain the desired level of accuracy and precision for hydrologic analysis. We evaluated the performance of several methods for interpolating SRTM three arc‐second data to a 30‐m resolution grid to better represent topography and derive terrain characteristics of the landscape. STRM data were interpolated to 30‐m DEMs on a common grid using spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging (KR), natural neighbor methods, and cubic convolution (CC) resampling. Accuracy of the methods was assessed by comparing interpolated and resampled 30‐m grids with the reference data. Slope, aspect, sinks, and stream networks were derived for the 30‐m grids and compared on a cell‐by‐cell basis to evaluate their performance in reproducing the derivatives. The comparisons identify spline and KR as the most accurate interpolation methods, of which spline is preferred because of its relative simplicity. IDW provided the greatest bias in all methods with artifacts evident in slope and aspect maps. The performance of CC projection directly to a 30‐m resolution was comparable to spline interpolation, thus is recommended as the most convenient method for interpolating SRTM to a higher resolution.     

基于TMDL计划的河流温度管理案例分析

最大日负荷总量(TMDL)计划制定与实施的目标是识别具体污染控制单元及其土地利用状况,对单元内点源和非点源污染物的排放浓度和总量提出控制措施,从而促进整个流域执行最好的流域管理与污染控制计划,达到水质目标管理要求。以美国纳瓦罗河流域为例,通过对该流域河流温度TMDL计划的分析研究,结合国内水质目标管理技术,提出了对流域内河流温度负荷分配的一些建议和方法,为今后国内在流域水环境的河流温度管理方面提供参考。     

北京市河流生态系统健康评价

伴随经济的快速发展,人类活动对河流生态系统的胁迫日益强烈,生态系统健康状况受到严重威胁.以北京市河流水系为例,于2020年秋季至2021年夏季在区域内101个样点进行了4个季度的野外调查,选取涵盖水文、水质、水生生物和栖息环境质量的34个评价指标,采用主成分分析和相关分析进行筛选,利用熵权法确定各评价指标权重,构建北京市河流生态系统健康评价指标体系,并对其健康状况进行评价.结果表明,北京市河流生态系统健康评价指标体系包括：水温、流速、BOD₅、NH₄⁺-N、Cu、浮游植物密度、浮游动物密度、底栖动物Shannon指数和BMWP指数、鱼类Shannon指数和栖息地质量指数11项指标.北京市河流101个点位中,健康状态占比4.95%,亚健康占比23.76%,一般及以下占比71.29%.河流健康状况具有较强的空间异质性,北部和西部地区河流健康状况良好,而中部及东南地区健康状况相对较差.单项指标评价结果显示,北京市河流水质状况整体尚可,为"亚健康-一般"状态,生物和栖息地状况评价均为"一般-差"状态,但水文状况堪忧,为差状态.北京市各水系评价结果显示,潮白河水系健康状况最好,永定河、大清河和蓟运河水系健康状态一般,北运河水系健康状况最差.维持河流生态基流,保障河流水系连通性,改善和恢复河流栖息地环境是今后北京市河流进行生态修复与保护需要重点关注的方面.