燃煤电厂的碳减排技术

介绍了燃煤电厂应对气候变化采取的CO2减排技术路线和适合燃煤电厂的CO2捕集技术,调查了对当前燃煤电厂捕碳项目和清洁煤技术的发展情况.     

秦皇岛市生活垃圾无害化处理现状与展望

通过论述秦皇岛市在城市垃圾收集、压缩、运输、无害化处理方面取得的成功经验,提出环境卫生工作统一领导,分工负责;对不同季节、不同发生主体垃圾成份进行分析,开展垃圾减量化、资源化科学研究;开展垃圾填埋场环境监测工作,防止对水、土壤和大气造成污染,以期把秦皇岛市真正建设成为宜居、宜业、宜游的现代化城市。     

基于应力调查分析的环境应力筛选优化方法

文章针对GJB1032-1990<电子产品环境应力筛选方法>提供的环境应力筛选方法在实际应用中的筛选能力不足的问题,介绍了一种基于应力调查分析的优化方法,通过在加固计算机生产中的实际应用,证明此方法对提高产品缺陷筛选剔除率具有非常明显的作用.     

倡导清洁生产创建绿色作业

文章通过对创建绿色作业队的认识与实践,提出:创建绿色作业必须依靠科技转变方式;整体规划,典型带动;持续改进,重点落实。从而形成创建绿色作业的长效机制。     

后石油时代沙生灌木直燃发电对环境的影响＊

文章通过对内蒙古中西部地区沙生灌木的成分分析,基于生命周期法(LCA),定量论证了沙生灌木直燃发电开发模式对环境的影响和推广的可行性,指出相比石油等传统能源,这种模式具有较大的潜在效益,对于我国发展绿色替代能源,促进西部地区生态环境和经济协调发展具有一定的战略意义。     

采油作业区节能减排探索与实践

H作业区经过对节能减排中问题的总结,实施了哈得四联合站放空气回收轻烃外输、哈得一联合站二段气回收、污水闭路循环回收利用、淡化水流程优化等节能减排工程,促进了节能减排,减少了碳排放,实现了清洁生产,取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Bioremediation of Acidic and Metalliferous Drainage (AMD) through organic carbon amendment by municipal sewage and green waste

Pit lakes (abandoned flooded mine pits) represent a potentially valuable water resource in hot arid regions. However, pit lake water is often characterised by low pH with high dissolved metal concentrations resulting from Acidic and Metalliferous Drainage (AMD). Addition of organic matter to pit lakes to enhance microbial sulphate reduction is a potential cost effective remediation strategy. However, cost and availability of suitable organic substrates are often limiting. Nevertheless, large quantities of sewage and green waste (organic garden waste) are often available at mine sites from nearby service towns. We treated AMD pit lake water (pH 2.4) from tropical, North Queensland, Australia, with primary-treated sewage sludge, green waste, and a mixture of sewage and green waste (1:1) in a controlled microcosm experiment (4.5 L). Treatments were assessed at two different rates of organic loading of 16:1 and 32:1 pit water:organic matter by mass. Combined green waste and sewage treatment was the optimal treatment with water pH increased to 5.5 in only 145 days with decreases of dissolved metal concentrations. Results indicated that green waste was a key component in the pH increase and concomitant heavy metal removal. Water quality remediation was primarily due to microbially-mediated sulphate reduction. The net result of this process was removal of sulphate and metal solutes to sediment mainly as monosulfides. During the treatment process NH(3) and H(2)S gases were produced, albeit at below concentrations of concern. Total coliforms were abundant in all green waste-treatments, however, faecal coliforms were absent from all treatments. This study demonstrates addition of low-grade organic materials has promise for bioremediation of acidic waters and warrants further experimental investigation into feasibility at higher scales of application such as pit lakes.     

Oxidative stress and DNA damages induced by cadmium accumulation

Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.     

特大型煤和瓦斯突出的地质条件及其成因

特大型煤和瓦斯突出危害极大，具有独特的发生条件，应专门研究。在全国９９ 次特大型煤和瓦斯突出详细研究的基础上，总结了特大型突出的一般特征及发生的地质和采矿条件，并给出了南桐矿区的几个临界值。对特大型突出地质条件的成因进行了较深入的探讨，提出了防止特大型突出的几点建议     

创建清洁钢厂的探索与实践

以福建三安钢铁有限公司为例,总结三安钢铁采取的一系列节能减排措施,同时提出创建清洁钢厂的对策与思路。