石油化工废水的预处理试验研究

石油化工废水的浓度较高，其中某些组分可生化性低。采用空气吹脱法可去除其中定量低沸点有机溶剂，从而极大降低废水的有机物浓度，并可提高废水的可生化性。本文重点讨论了不同参数条件对废水预处理效果的影响，得出了最佳工艺参数。     

覆膜滤料过滤性能分析

覆膜滤料以其高效低阻、透气性好等特点备受关注。选取4种典型的覆膜滤料,通过静态和动态过滤实验分析其阻力和效率特性,进而对覆膜滤料的过滤性能进行综合分析。结果表明:在清洁阶段,4种覆膜滤料的喷吹周期和残余阻力差异较大,粉尘剥离率平均值为83.2174%,最大偏差为2.32%;在稳定阶段,4种覆膜滤料的清灰周期、残余阻力差异减小且趋于稳定,残余阻力增长率接近且偏差均在5%以内,剥离率平均值为95.4485%,最大偏差仅0.55%。可以看出,稳定阶段覆膜滤料的种类对于阻力增长率和粉尘剥离率影响不大。通过细颗粒物过滤实验可知,评价覆膜滤料对PM2.5的过滤效果需要综合考察滤料清洁阶段和稳定阶段,可为覆膜滤料应用和评价提供指导。     

Chelating resin immobilized sawdust packed chromatographic column: Application to separation and preconcentration of lead ion

Naturally abundant rubber sawdust has been utilized as a stationary support, which after immobilization with a chelating polyelectrolyte (xylenol orange as counterion) gets converted into a suitable column packing material for isolation and enrichment of trace level target analyte, accurately detectable by the technique of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The sorbent is robust and re-usable in column-chromatography without showing any leaching and interference complications. Its unique lead ion selectivity from multielemental complex matrices (synthetic water sample, blood serum) at optimized column conditions (pH 2.5 and flow rate 0.5?mL?min^?1) mitigates the usual problems of intermetallic and readsorption effects. Effects of flow rate, pH, equilibration time, and other variables are reported. The system has advantageous feature to be used in a single-column ion chromatography with satisfactory performance. A modest attempt has been made to determine lead fractions in human blood serum samples on the bases of selective retention of ionic and labile fractions on complexing resin.     

Levels of selected essential and toxic elements in the foodstuffs of Islamabad as analyzed by DPASV

Typical dietary components such as vegetables, wheat flour, milk, chicken and drinking water samples have been analyzed for the quantification of essential trace elements like Zn and Cu and potentially toxic trace elements like Pb and Cd. The sensitivity, selectivity and cost effectiveness of Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric method at Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode has been evaluated and used for the analysis. A database covering the adequacy and safety of trace elements through common food articles was first contrived for the Islamabad region. This was followed by assessment of the mobility rate of the heavy metals in the soil, plant system for evaluation of the environmental impact. The method used was also validated using appropriate certified reference materials.     

Electrochemical determination of the effect of lead(II) on the photochemical degradation of the pesticide metamitron

The complexation of the pesticide Metamitron by lead(II) was investigated by polarography and stripping voltammetry. The influence of the pH on the complexation was determined and a maximum value for the conditional stability constant of the lead‐metamitron complex (logβ’ = 3.1) was obtained at pH 5.6.

An investigation into the photochemical degradation of the pesticide demonstrated that lead decreases the degradation rate of metamitron by 13% within the first 30 days, due to stabilisation by complexation.     

采用筛板塔吹脱模拟处理四氯乙烯污染地下水

利用自主设计的筛板塔装置模拟吹脱四氯乙烯(PCE)污染废水,综合考察了影响吹脱的各因素(气液体积比、初始浓度和筛板数等),同时对吹脱工艺条件进行了优化,并建立了吹脱模型.研究表明:25.68mg/L PCE废水经吹脱后出水浓度降至0.62mg/L,去除率可达97.59%;气液比对废水的吹脱效果影响很大, 且最佳气液比在200左右;PCE初始浓度对去除率的影响并不明显;采用4层塔板时PCE去除效果较好;实验数据很好地遵从一级衰变模型;吨水吹脱成本约为0.31元,可作为后续生化处理的预处理工艺.     

某冶炼企业含氨废水脱氨预处理工艺设计方案

通过对某有色金属企业的高浓度含氨废水进行脱氨处理的研究,设计了三级氨吹脱、吸收工艺。经预处理后,氨氮去除率达到98%以上,并且对氨水及副产品石膏进行回收利用,降低了企业成本,并且防止了二次污染。     

注碱脱铵技术在污水汽提装置的应用

分析了污水汽提装置净化水氨氯含量偏高的原因，介绍了注碱脱铵技术的机理，讨论了其应用的有关问题。应用结果表明，该技术可使本装置净化水中的氨氯含量明显降低，具有良好的社会和经济效益。     

UASB处理高浓度硫酸盐废水启动过程污泥特性变化

跟踪比较一套处理高浓度硫酸盐污水的UASB反应器从启动驯化到稳定运行的243 d内污泥特性的变化.结果显示颗粒污泥的形成与生物活性直接影响反应器的处理效率.反应器启动初期颗粒污泥的平均粒径由种泥的1.82 mm减少至0.99 mm;随着负荷增加、水力停留时间缩短,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈逐步增长趋势.采用N2吹脱反应器内产生的H_2S,N_2流量为60 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥的平均粒径快速增长至1.51 mm;N_2流量为100 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈现下降趋势;N_2连续吹脱使得反应器内不同高度污泥的平均粒径趋于接近.污泥中活性微生物的量(MLVSS)在启动初期先降后升,升至33.59 g·L~(-1)之后平稳增长到49.72 g·L~(-1),活性污泥中微生物所占悬浮固体量的比例(MLVSS/MLSS)也呈相同的变化趋势,先下降后升至0.36之后平稳升至0. 50;相关性分析表明,反应器硫酸盐还原效率与MLVSS呈显著正相关(r=0.918,p=0.003),驯化过程中SO_4~(2-)还原效率为30%～95%.电镜分析表明,接种时颗粒污泥表面粗糙,结构松散,多为丝状菌、杆菌、球菌;驯化后颗粒污泥表面光滑内部微生物结构紧密,菌群密集,多为弧菌、杆菌.硫酸盐还原反应器驯化过程中负荷、水力停留时间、反应器内水力上升流速、以及N2吹脱强度和时间都影响颗粒污泥粒径的变化;污泥中菌群组成的变化也可能是影响颗粒污泥粒径变化因素之一.     

采用蒸气吹脱解附法对废弃活性炭回收醋酸丁酯的试验研究

试验用废弃活性炭做回收醋酸丁酯的研究,采用蒸气吹脱解附法,设计制作活性炭解吸塔,考察蒸气用量对活性炭解吸的影响,同时确定最佳解吸时间及可回收的丁酯量,并探讨回收醋酸丁酯的同时能够再生活性炭的试验条件。