吹脱-Fenton氧化-沉淀工艺处理乙基氯化物废水

乙基氯化物是重要的农药中间体,广泛用于生产高效低毒有机磷农药,在生产过程中产生大量高COD、高磷、高硫等污染物的有毒废水。文章针对该废水的水质,提出了一种新的预处理工艺:吹脱-Fenton氧化-沉淀反应。试验结果表明:当吹脱时间为20 min,pH为3.10,Fenton反应双氧水与亚铁离子摩尔比为4:1,双氧水投加量为5 mL/L以及沉淀反应石灰投加量为14.5 g/L时,废水中的COD从228 g/L降低到56.60 g/L,硫离子浓度从88.94 g/L降低到12.26 g/L,总磷含量从10.37 g/L降低到0.98 g/L。     

RECIRCULATING WELLS: GROUND WATER REMEDIATION AND PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Several chlorinated solvent plumes threaten the sole‐source aquifer underlying the Massachusetts Military Reservation at the western end of Cape Cod. Sensitive surface water features including ponds, cranberry bogs, and coastal wetlands are hydraulically connected to the aquifer. For one of the plumes (CS‐10 the original remedy of 120 extraction and reinjection wells has the potential for significant disruption of surface water hydrology, through the localized drawdown and mounding of the water table. Recirculating wells with in‐well air stripping offer a cost‐effective alternative to conventional pump‐and‐treat technology that does not adversely affect the configuration of the water table. Pilot testing of a two well system, pumping 300 gpm, showed a capture radius of > 200 feet per well, in‐well trichloroethylene (TCE) removal efficiencies of 92 to 98 percent per recirculation cycle, an average of three recirculation cycles within the capture zone, and no measurable effect on water table elevations at any point within the recirculation/treatment zone. During 120 days of operation, the mean concentration of TCE in the treatment zone was reduced by 83 percent, from 1,111 μg/l to 184 μg/l. Full‐scale design projections indicate that 60 wells at an average spacing of 160 feet, having an aggregate recirculation 11 MGD, can contain the CS‐b plume without ground water extraction or adverse hydraulic effects on surface water resources. The estimated capital costs for such a system are about $7 million, and annual operations‐and‐maintenance costs should be about $1.4 million, 40 percent of those associated with a pump and treat system over a 20‐year period.     

吹脱技术净化石油污染地下水实验

利用现场动态实验对影响吹脱塔除污染的因素进行了实验研究 ,确定最佳气水比为 5∶1、淋水密度为 10.0 m³/( m²·h) ;在最佳运行状况下 ,吹脱法对地下水中油类物质的去除率可达 50%左右 ,还能去除水中的 NH₃-N、高锰酸钾指数等污染物质 ,是一种非常有效的预处理方法 .同时采用色 -质联机方法 ,分析了吹脱单元进出水中有机物质组分的变化 ,并探讨了去除油类有机物质的机理 .     

Nylon 6,6 modified screen printed carbon electrodes as electrochemical sensors for rapid chlorothalonil determination in water samples using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry

A newly developed electrochemical sensor for chlorothalonil based on nylon 6,6 film deposited onto screen printed electrode (SPE) with electrochemical modulation of pH at the electrode/solution interface was studied for the first time. Differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) was used to carry out the electrochemical and analytical studies. Experimental parameters such as accumulation potential, initial potential, accumulation time and pH of Britton-Robinson buffer have been optimized. Chlorothalonil gave optimum analytical signal in a medium of 0.04?M Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 6.0. A well-defined reduction peak was observed, at E_p= ?0.851 and ?0.938?V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0?M KCl) for both bare SPE and modified SPE, respectively. The peak currents of modified SPE were significantly increased as compared to bare SPE. At the modified SPE, a linear relationship between the peak current and chlorothalonil concentration was obtained in the range from 0.1 to 2.8?×?10^?6?M with a detection limit of 1.53?×?10^?8?M (S/N=?3). The practical applicability of the newly developed method has been demonstrated on analyses of real water samples. The newly developed sensor shows good reproducibility with RSD of 3.92%. The nylon 6,6 modified SPE showed itself as promising sensor with good selectivity for chlorothalonil determination.     

氟苯生产废水处理及资源化技术

采用酸化、萃取、反萃、除氟、电催化氧化技术处理氟苯生产废水（简称废水）。工艺条件为：以硫酸为酸化剂,pH小于等于1;萃取温度10～25℃,搅拌时间大于4min,油水比（萃取剂与废水的体积比）1：4．0;反萃碱油比（NaOH溶液体积与油相体积比）1：3,NaOH质量分数10％;除氟时先加入2倍理论计算量的氯化钙、后加入氧化钙调pH至7～8;电催化氧化时粒子群电催化反应器槽电流2．0～2．5A,停留时间40～60min。处理后废水的COD、苯酚、F^-、石油类去除率分别高于99．3％,99．9％,99．8％,99．9％,苯酚回收率高于93．5％;出水COD、苯酚、F^-、石油类的浓度低于GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。     

促脱剂协同传统吹脱法处理高氨氮工业废水

在中试吹脱装置上,通过投加低浓度促脱剂协同传统吹脱法处理高氨氮工业废水(氨氮质量浓度2 369～3 600 mg/L)。结果表明:在相同处理条件下,阴离子促脱剂的氨氮去除效果优于阳离子促脱剂,且促脱剂的碳数越高越有利于氨氮的去除;废水处理的最佳工艺条件为废水pH 12.0、废水温度50℃、吹脱时间5 h、促脱剂投加量25 mg/L、气液比600∶1;该条件下,以木质素磺酸钠为促脱剂协同吹脱法处理高氨氮废水,氨氮去除率可达99%以上,高于传统吹脱法20个百分点以上。     

吹脱法预处理皮革废水的实验研究

对某皮革厂综合废水进行吹脱预处理实验,综合考察了影响氨氮去除的各个因素(pH值、汽液比、吹脱温度、氨氮初始浓度),同时对该预处理工艺去除铬、SS(悬浮固体浓度)、COD和硫化物的条件进行了优化,并进行了能耗及运行成本估算。结果表明:该厂皮革废水的最佳吹脱工况为pH=11,气液比=1 800,温度25~35℃,在此条件下,当进水ρ(NH3-N)=304.7 mg/L、ρ(Cr)=65.0 mg/L、ρ(SS)=1 700 mg/L、ρ(COD)=2 700 mg/L、ρ(S2-)=112.3 mg/L时,相应的去除率可达78.1%~83.5%、96.4%、88.2%、45.6%和85.0%,且吹脱法对氨氮具有较高的抗冲击负荷能力,吨水处理成本约为3.61元,可作为皮革废水的预处理工艺。     

移动床生物膜反应器预处理含酚废水

采用两级移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）预处理高挥发酚含量的石化厂汽提净化水,考察了HRT和DO对废水中挥发酚和COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：在两级MBBR总HRT为10 h、MBBR中部废水DO 为1~3 mg/L的条件下, 装置连续运行处理ρ（挥发酚）=110~201 mg/L、COD=644~1 827 mg/L、BOD₅/COD=0.15~0.69的废水,两级MBBR处理后出水平均ρ（挥发酚）为17.6 mg/L,挥发酚去除率达87.9%;平均COD为745 mg/L,COD去除率为32.7%;出水BOD₅/COD平均为0.68,表明经过两级MBBR处理后,废水的可生化性有所提高,有利于废水的后续生化处理。     

从含镍二壬基萘磺酸-煤油溶液中反萃取镍

采用简单反萃取法回收含镍二壬基萘磺酸（DNNSA）-煤油溶液中的镍。考察了反萃剂种类、反萃时间、反萃温度、油水比（负载镍的有机相与反萃剂的体积比）、反萃剂浓度等对反萃率的影响。实验结果表明,在硫酸作为反萃剂、反萃剂浓度为0.3mol/L、反萃时间为10min、反萃温度为30℃、油水比为3的工艺条件下,反萃率达81.5%。反萃取后得到的DNNSA可多次重复用于含镍废水的萃取处理,Ni²⁺萃取率基本保持不变。     

某冶炼企业含氨废水脱氨预处理工艺设计方案

通过对某有色金属企业的高浓度含氨废水进行脱氨处理的研究,设计了三级氨吹脱、吸收工艺。经预处理后,氨氮去除率达到98%以上,并且对氨水及副产品石膏进行回收利用,降低了企业成本,并且防止了二次污染。