Characterization of environmental water samples using strontium and lead stable isotope compositions

A simple procedure using both cation and anion exchange chromatography has been applied in the study of lead and strontium isotope composition in rain and stream water samples from remote catchments in Scotland. Whereas the soil released strontium to stream waters, lead was removed from rain water and the concentrations in stream waters were very low. Highly precise analysis by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry proved necessary in the determination of strontium isotope composition. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in rain water was close to that of marine strontium but the ratios in stream waters were constant and highly characteristic for the stream. In the case of the stream at the Sourhope site, the ratio (0.70798 ± 0.00005) was less than that in rain water and probably resulted from the weathering of one specific mineral. The results suggested that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios could be used as a stable isotope tracer of waters and to provide information on the weathering processes. Two major anthropogenic components of lead were identified in water samples. One had its origin in petrol additives whereas the other was probably of industrial origin. The low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios observed in stream waters confirmed the lead as being of anthropogenic origin and the data suggested that there was a movement, albeit very small, of lead from the soil to waters.     

锶同位素在沉积学中的应用新进展

随着分析测试技术的不断提高 ,锶同位素研究取得了重大进展。近年来 ,显生宙以来海水锶同位素的变化曲线不断得以补充和修正 ,已建立起具有全球一致性、可对比的海水锶同位素变化曲线背景值 ,为锶同位素的应用奠定了基础。现在 ,锶同位素不仅在示踪岩浆及成矿热液的来源和演化、计算晚期成岩改造作用的规模和程度及流体 /岩石比等方面已趋于成熟 ,并且越来越广泛运用于海平面变化、板块活动、海底扩张、成岩演化等方面的研究。此外 ,在一些热点研究上 ,如全球变化、生态环境等方面 ,也逐渐显现出重要性     

空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定水中锶

用空气—乙炔还原型火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中微量的锶，在试样中加入硝酸镧溶液（10%）、氯化钠及氯化钾消除酸对测定水中锶的干扰和共存离子的干扰并抑制了电离干扰，提高了灵敏度，线性范围0.05-5.00mg/L，最低检出限浓度为0.01mg/L，回收率为90-104%。     

Metal Levels in Raccoon Tissues: Differences On and Off the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina

Levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, selenium, and strontium⁸⁸ were examined in heart, kidney, muscle, spleen and liver of raccoons (Procyon lotor) from four areas on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), including near a former reactor cooling reservoir and a coal ash basin, and from public hunting areas within 15 km of the site. Mercury is mentioned briefly because it is discussed more fully in another paper. We test the hypotheses that there are no differences in metal levels between raccoons on SRS and off the SRS (off-site), and among different locations on the SRS. Although raccoons collected off-site had significantly lower levels of mercury and selenium in both the liver and kidney, there were few consistencies otherwise. There were significantly higher levels of cadmium in liver of on-site compared to off-site raccoons, and significantly higher levels of chromium and strontium⁸⁸ in kidney of on-site compared to off-site raccoons. Copper and manganese were highest in the liver; cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium were highest in the liver and kidney; chromium was highest in the spleen and muscle; arsenic was highest in the heart, and strontium⁸⁸ was slightly higher in the kidney than other organs. Where there were significant differences on site, chromium, manganese were highest in raccoon tissues from Steel Creek; arsenic, lead and selenium were highest in the Ash Basin; cadmium was highest at Upper Three Runs; and strontium⁸⁸ was highest at Upper Three Runs and Steel Creek. The patterns were far from consistent.     

蒙脱土-腐殖酸复合体制备及其对锶的吸附性能研究

为探究土壤胶体对放射性核素锶的吸附机制,选取典型无机矿物蒙脱土和腐殖酸制备有机-无机复合胶体,并研究了其对锶的吸附性能.实验结果表明,人工复合体的腐殖酸负载量可达到2.97%,并且添加腐殖酸会改变蒙脱土的形貌.复合体对锶的吸附量达到6.86mg/g,通过对复合体吸附锶的动力学拟合发现,吸附过程更符合二级动力学模型.吸附过程在10min后到达平衡,低温时去除率更高,15℃时为72.29%.当pH值由5增加到9时,去除率的变化范围在1%~2%之间.而离子强度对吸附有明显的影响,0.1mol/L时去除率较0.001mol/L时的去除率同比下降20%~60%.同时去除率随有机物浓度的增大而提高,从0到60mg/L时去除率快速增长,60mg/L时去除率为75.36%,随后去除率增长进入平缓期.     

五大连池药泉山矿水锶元素水文地球化学特征

通过对五大连池药泉山矿水群水样中的Sr2 含量和87Sr/86Sr值分析,得到如下结论:①位于药泉山矿水区内南北泉和桦林沸泉的锶浓度较高。由于药泉山矿水区独特的地下水循环体系使其在断裂处涌出地面形成矿泉水,锶的浓度和矿化度很高,两者成正相关,所以药泉山矿水锶的来源和矿化度的来源一致。②药泉山87Sr/86Sr值在0.706—0.7080之间,接近于华力西期花岗闪长岩,证明矿水中的锶主要来源该岩层。其它各泉的锶同位素组成基本一致,显示出锶的同源性,因此可以判断药泉山矿水中的锶来源于华力西期花岗闪长岩层。     

非传统稳定同位素锶(δ~(88/86)Sr)的地球化学研究进展

锶有4个稳定同位素:84Sr、86Sr、87Sr和88Sr。但其中的非传统稳定同位素(δ88/86Sr)成为近年来国际同位素地球化学领域的研究热点。本文根据国际众多学者的研究,阐述了大多数实验室新近采用双稀释剂和TIMS方法来获得高精度δ88/86Sr数据的原理,并综述自然界δ88/86Sr变化,列出一些影响锶同位素分馏的因素。综合讨论其在地质方面的应用:(1)根据冷水珊瑚稳定锶同位素重建古海洋温度;(2)联立87Sr/86Sr和δ88/86Sr来研究海洋中锶的地球化学循环;(3)利用骨骼中的锶稳定同位素研究古营养学。     

Cationic dye adsorption onto natural and synthetic zeolites in the presence of Cs+ and Sr2+ ions

Adsorption of diazine dye safranine O (SO) in the presence of Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺ ions was investigated onto natural and synthetic zeolites in order to predict competition of cationic organic species with their radionuclides, which are the main fission products released into the environment. Adsorption of SO was measured up to the 40th day and the surface-diffusion coefficients (D_s) were estimated by applying Nernst–Planck approximation based on a homogeneous-surface-diffusion model. The values of D_s were 10 times higher on natural zeolite than those of synthesized zeolite from fly ash (FA) under hydrothermal conditions. Similarly, distribution coefficients (K_D) were considerably higher on the clinoptilolite-type natural zeolite. The zeolitized product of FA is mainly composed of analcime and sodalite. SO adsorption on natural zeolite was not influenced by Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺ ions, but it decreased at high concentrations on synthetic zeolite. The higher influence of the Sr²⁺ ions on SO⁺ adsorption showed that they compete with each other for the same adsorption sites. These results suggested that natural zeolite cannot be used for remediation of wastewater polluted with Cs and Sr radionuclides in the presence of organic cations, whilst FA zeolite has a potential for Sr removal.     

锶在不同水流速度下的迁移规律探究

为研究水流速度对土壤中锶迁移的影响,设计室内易混合置换实验,获得了饱和黄土土柱中不同水流速度条件下溴的穿透曲线及锶的垂直分布曲线,并用CXTFIT2.1软件对其参数进行拟合。实验结果表明:在本实验条件下,黄土对锶有很强的吸附能力,阻滞系数(Rd)均在170以上,而且不为常数;对于锶在垂直土柱中的迁移,可用两点模型描述;随着垂直土柱的水流速度的增大,锶的阻滞系数Rd越来越小,表明更高的水流速度促进了Sr在土壤中的迁移。因此,用不变的阻滞系数描述锶在介质中的迁移是不恰当,一旦外界环境发生改变,锶的阻滞系数也会发生相应的变化。在水流速度不定的情况下,不能采用某一个固定的阻滞系数作为计算的标准。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的锶

建立了微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中锶的方法.用微波消解土壤、电热板加热赶酸的方法对土壤样品进行前处理,优化了微波消解条件.检出限为3.0 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.7％ ～ 107％,相对标准偏差均小于5％.方法快速、简便、准确度高、线性范围宽.