淀山湖沉水植物——苦草群落恢复影响因子研究

在淀山湖0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 m水层进行苦草（Vallisneria natans）现场生长实验,试图找出淀山湖苦草植被恢复的适宜环境条件。试验期间每天测量光照强度和水体溶解氧等环境因子,每隔10 d监测苦草的根长、株高、鲜重等生长指标的变化情况。结果表明：水深对苦草的生长具较显著影响,光照强度、溶氧分别和苦草日相对生长率具显著相关性;苦草的株高、叶片数、根长等生物学生长指标在0.5、1.0 m水层生长良好,1.5 m与2.0 m均出现不同程度的负增长状况。光照强度与苦草日相对生长率之间具有显著相关性（r=0.905）,0.5、1.0 m水层的光照强度下苦草的相对生长率分别为0.14和0.11,而1.5、2.0 m水层的光照强度下苦草出现负增长的情况。水中的溶解氧含量与苦草成活率之间具有显著相关性（r=0.935）。随着水深的增加,溶氧逐渐降低,苦草的成活率也逐渐下降。在2.0 m水层处,溶氧均值为2.76 mg.L-1,苦草的成活率为46.5%,在1.0 m水层处,溶氧为5.66 mg.L-1,苦草成活率为86.5%,因此,淀山湖苦草群落恢复宜先在1.0 m以浅的沿岸带开展。     

区域污染水体特征和变化规律——以成都市府河黄龙溪段为例

通过对成都市府河黄龙溪段进行为期1年的监测,分析结果表明府河水体中的TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP和PO4+-P的变化受降雨影响较大,具有明显的季节性.府河水生态系统稳定性较差,各指标波动范围较大:虽然水体污染较为严重,浊度高,但是仍有部分沉水植物存在.府河的主要污染源是城镇生活污水和沿途污水地表径流,严格控制...     

沉水植物对沉积物微生物群落结构影响:以洪泽湖湿地为例

应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法分析洪泽湖湿地典型沉水植物菹草群丛、蓖齿眼子菜群丛、菹-蓖混丛对其根系沉积物微生物群落结构的影响,以期了解沉水植物种类以及在不同生长时期对沉积物微生物群落结构的影响规律.结果表明,植物群丛根系沉积物PLFA总量在不同的时期发生了明显的变化,而同一时期的不同群丛PLFA总量差异不显著.沉积物微生物群落结构受沉水植物根系影响,菹草群丛中G~+/G~-(革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌)在3个不同生长时期比值为0.74、1.35、1.26,蓖齿眼子菜群丛G~+/G~-比值为0.89、0.98、1.49,菹-蓖混合群丛G~+/G~-比值为0.95、1.39、1.35,其G~+/G~-的变化和植物根系生长有密切关系.沉积物微生物群落结构受环境因子的影响,环境因子如T、p H、TOC、DO等与沉积物PLFA中特征磷脂存在相关性.     

山东省广饶县污水处理厂工艺对比研究

介绍了广饶县污水处理厂一期、二期工艺即淹没式生物膜工艺和改良式A2/O工艺的特点及运行情况,分析了每个阶段对污染物的去除原理,并进行对比。结果表明:1)两个工艺对有机物的去除效果相当;2)改良式A2/O工艺对TN的去除效果优于淹没式生物膜工艺,主要是因为改良式A2/O工艺增加了内回流,增强了反硝化效果;3)两个工艺对TP的去除效果相当。     

沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究与应用

沉水植物是水生植物的重要组成部分。在富营养化湖泊中,沉水植物同浮游藻类竞争营养物质以及所需的光热条件,同时分泌出抑藻物质,破坏藻类正常的生理代谢功能,致使藻类死亡,抑制藻类水华发生。根据国内外相关报道,重点对9科15种沉水植物化感作用抑制15种藻类生长的研究进展进行综述。     

新型沉水植物种植方法及其对水环境的影响研究

人工快速种植沉水植物是受污染水体生态修复与沉水植物重建的有效措施之一.研究采用琼脂凝胶取代传统抛栽法的软泥或粘土作为外裹物对苦草进行人工种植,并与传统插栽法进行了对比研究,结果表明:(1)新型琼脂抛栽法种植的苦草成活率达到100%,生物量、光合效率、子株生长情况等指标都表现优良;(2)新型琼脂抛栽法种植苦草过程中水体的CODMn值、TN含量、TP含量都现大幅下降,DO值、ORP值都明显上升,水体水质明显改善.     

Introducing a Low‐Head Dam Fatality Database and Internet Information Portal

Low‐head dams can cause dangerous currents near the downstream face of the structure. Fatalities at low‐head dams with such currents, often referred to as “drowning machines,” are poorly documented. This technical note presents a new database of fatalities at low‐head dams in the United States together with an interactive map and web‐based user interface. The primary purpose of the system is to raise awareness, generate interest, and educate the general public and decision makers regarding these dangerous structures and the need for remediation. The database was designed as a normalized relational database of event dates, severity, location, reporter, and other circumstances. The open‐access user interface allows the general public to browse fatal incidents by geographic location and to read incident circumstances. The system allows submission of new contributions from users including all metadata needed to characterize the incident. The database is structured to include documentation verifying each entry. The site can be viewed at http://dams.byu.edu/ .     

根生沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus)对滇池水体的净化作用

研究了根生沉水植物菹草对富营养和重金属等污染的滇池水体和底泥的净化作用。结果表明,菹草对水体和底泥中的P、N、Pb、Zn、Cu、As有较大的吸收、富集量,单位生物量的菹草对N、Cu的富集量>水葫芦>茭草>芦苇,P、Zn则>茭草>芦苇;对底泥中N、P、Cu、Pb的吸收系数>水葫芦,尤以N、P为最显;研究还表明,植物对水体和底泥中污染物的富集量和净化效率与生物量大小有关,当菹草保持其群体覆盖率为50%时,生物量最大,净化效率也最大。     

白僵菌分生孢子深层培养及其对马尾松毛虫的毒力

对 3株球孢白僵菌的液体深层培养研究表明,碳源、氮源对白僵菌液生分生孢子的形成具有显著影响.葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖是液体培养分生孢子的较好碳源,而黄豆粉、花生粉、(NH4 )2SO4则是较理想的氮源.吐温 80对白僵菌液生分生孢子的形成具有显著的影响,培养基中吐温 80含量在 0. 4% ~0. 8%之间时,有利于液生分生孢子的形成,产孢量(n)达 7. 30×1010 ~24. 13×1010 L-1.对 2~3龄马尾松毛虫幼虫的室内毒力测定表明,液生分生孢子和气生分生孢子对马尾松毛虫的毒力相近.图 1表 6参 16     

A Comparison of Three Methods to Collect Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in a Shallow Lake

Two boat-based and one in-water sampling method have been used to collect submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) as part of a long-term monitoring program in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA. The boat-based methods consisted of collecting SAV with a ponar dredge, used only to collect Chara, and an oyster tongs-like rake apparatus, used to collect all SAV. The in-water method involved use of a 0.5 m² PVC quadrat frame deployed by a diver. During summer 2002, SAV biomass samples were collected using all three methods at various sites in the lake to compare between-methods sampling precision. Sites used for these comparisons were selected based on plant type, plant density and sediment type. Statistical comparisons indicated that there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) biomass differences in 8 of 15 possible pairwise comparisons between sampling method biomass means. In four of the eight comparisons, significantly higher biomass mean values were obtained using the quadrat frame. In three of the remaining four comparisons, significantly higher biomass mean values were obtained with the rake apparatus. For the fourth comparison, a significantly higher biomass mean value was obtained with the ponar dredge. Three of the four relationships between SAV biomass collected by the rake and the quadrat and the rake and the quadrat/ponar dredge were statistically significant, linear and explained between 67 and 78% of the biomass variability. There were no significant differences between regression coefficients or elevations for these relationships, therefore these regressions estimated the same population regression. The population regression coefficient was 0.95, suggesting that the quadrat and ponar over-sampled relative to the rake, but the amount of this over-sampling was very small. Since there was no consistent pattern in the sampling method which yielded the significantly different biomass values and there were no significant differences in sampling precision across a range of plant species, plant densities and two sediment types, the boat-based rake method appears to be a suitable replacement for the previously used ponar dredge and quadrat methods, when in-lake measurements are not practical.