Ⅱ824-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理试验研究

通过对淮北芦岭矿Ⅱ824-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理的试验研究,摸索出了高瓦斯综放工作面瓦斯治理的有效方法,取得了较好的瓦斯抽放和通风排放效果.     

SIMULATING THE IMPACT OF DRAINAGE DESIGN IN A COLD CLIMATE WITH ADAPT1

ABSTRACT: Surface and subsurface drainage make crop production economically viable in much of southern Minnesota because drainage allows timely field operations and protects field crops from extended periods of flooded soil conditions. However, subsurface drainage has been shown to increase nitrate/nitrogen losses to receiving waters. When engaging in drainage activities, farmers are increasingly being asked to consider, apart from the economic profit, the environmental impact of drainage. The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport model (ADAPT) was used in this study to evaluate the impact of subsurface drainage design on the soil water balance over a two‐year period during which observed drainage discharge data were available. Twelve modeling scenarios incorporated four drainage coefficients (DC), 0.64 cm/d, 0.95 cm/d, 1.27 cm/d, and 1.91 cm/d, and three drain depths, 0.84 m, 1.15 m, and 1.45 m. The baseline condition corresponded to the drainage system specifications at the field site: a drain depth and spacing of 1.45 m and 28 m, respectively (DC of 0.64 cm/d). The results of the two‐year simulation suggested that for a given drainage coefficient, soils with the shallower drains (but equal DC) generally have less subsurface drainage and can produce more runoff (but reduced total discharge) and evapotranspiration. The results also suggested that it may be possible to design for both water/nitrate/nitrogen reduction and crop water needs.     

考虑松动圈影响的钻孔瓦斯抽放合理封孔长度确定研究

以王行庄矿11071工作面为工程试验地点,通过超声波和钻孔窥视现场测试,结合理论计算,开展了瓦斯抽采煤巷松动圈范围和瓦斯抽放钻孔合理封孔长度确定的研究。确定了王行庄11071工作面二1煤层围岩卸压区宽度为8.87 m,极限平衡区宽度为9.87 m,合理封孔深度为10 m;通过极限平衡法理论计算得到的结果与超声波法、钻孔窥视法的测试结果基本相符。     

模拟排水沟渠非点源溶质氮迁移实验研究

农田排水沟渠是由水-底泥-植物组成的复合生态结构,其间非点源溶质的迁移转化对研究沟渠拦截、控制和管理农业非点源污染具有重要意义.本研究以模拟排水沟渠静态实验为基础,以典型非点源溶质氮素为例,分析了实验期内水体、底泥及芦苇不同介质内氮含量变化过程,分析了底泥吸附与解析、芦苇生长与衰败等年内不同时期对水体中氮素浓度的影响,探讨了水-底泥-芦苇复合生态体内氮迁移及对水体中氮浓度的影响机制.结果表明,底泥的吸附与解吸、芦苇生长的吸收和同化对水体中氮素浓度均有影响,10月之前这种影响表现为促使水体中氮素浓度降低,是水体的氮净化过程;10月之后这种净化作用开始降低,11月之后表现为促使水体中氮素浓度升高.同时,模拟沟渠水-底泥-芦苇生态体内氮迁移联系密切,任一介质内或介质间氮素迁移转化都会引起水体中氮素浓度相应调整.     

潜流人工湿地处理地下水TCE污染实验研究

分别构建无植物、宽叶香蒲和芦苇3组潜流人工湿地系统,研究潜流人工湿地对受到TCE(三氯乙烯)污染地下水的处理效果。实验结果表明:无植物湿地系统和芦苇湿地系统的出水TCE去除率波动较大,香蒲湿地系统出水TCE去除率相对稳定,其出水TCE平均去除率为77.7%,最大值为87.5%,最小值为70.7%。对于无植物湿地系统,湿地床中层和下层的TCE去除率相差较大,而该差异在香蒲和芦苇湿地系统中并不明显。在湿地系统中TCE沿水平方向的降解反应基本符合一级反应动力学模型。     

一种多介质层波形潜流人工湿地处理重污染河水试验

我国河流污染严重,城市黑臭水体的比率日益增加。人工湿地作为一种高效低耗能的绿色处理技术,已被广泛应用于污染河水的治理。通过对比分析分层装填复合填料的多介质层波形潜流人工湿地和单一砾石填料的普通人工湿地处理重污染河水的效果,研究了特种基质填料强化脱氮除磷作用以及不同水力负荷条件的影响。试验结果表明:在水力负荷为0.2 m~3/(m~2·d)时,普通湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到55.95%、77.85%、39.80%和54.94%;多介质层湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到58.52%、75.99%、67.08%和57.31%。在水力负荷为0.5 m~3/(m~2·d)时,普通湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到68.46%、90.73%、42.13%和53.70%;多介质层湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到69.61%、89.94%、77.58%和68.63%,其脱氮效果明显好于普通湿地。以复合填料包分层装填的波形潜流人工湿地系统具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,有很好的推广应用价值。     

变电站污水处理现状与展望

变电站一般位于城市郊区或乡村环境等市政设施尚不完善的区域,无法接入市政污水管网,许多变电站粗放式的污水处理方式无法满足环保要求.随着变电站智能化水平的提高,站内工作人员越来越少,传统的污水处理方式无法适应新形势下变电站内污水处理要求.因此,针对变电站粗放式的污水管理方式及新条件下传统污水处理方式等不满足环保要求的问题,根据站址外环境创新变电站污水处理方式成为关键.通过对变电站既有污水处理方式的研究,结合变电站智能化的发展进程,进行总结,可为变电站污水处理设计或水环境管理提供参考.     

Occurrence and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane in sediments from seven major river drainage basins in China

The concentrations and geographical distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were investigated in 37 composite surface sediments from seven major river drainage basins in China, including Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Liaohe River, Haihe River, Tarim River and Ertix River. The detection frequency of HBCD was 54%, with the concentrations ranged from below limit of detection (LOD) to 206 ng/g dry weight. In general, the geographical distribution showed increasing trends from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the rivers and from North China to Southeast China. Compared to other regions in the world, the average concentration of HBCD in sediments from Yangtze River drainage basin was at relatively high level, whereas those from other six river drainage basins were at lower or similar level. The highest HBCD concentration in sediment from Yangtze River Delta and the highest detection frequency of HBCD in Pearl River drainage basins suggested that the industrial and urban activities could evidently affect the HBCD distribution. HBCD diastereoisomer profiles showed that γ-HBCD dominated in most of the sediment samples, followed by α- and β-HBCD, which was consistent with those in the commercial HBCD mixtures. Further risk assessment reflected that the average inventories of HBCD were 18.3, 5.87, 3.92, 2.50, 1.77 ng/cm 2 in sediments from Pearl River, Haihe River, Tarim River, Yellow River and Yangtze River, respectively.     

铜陵相思谷尾矿用于处理酸性矿山排水的实验研究

铜陵相思谷尾矿是夕卡岩型矿床尾矿的典型代表,以富含碳酸盐为特征.为了考察该尾矿砂在AMD淋滤作用下重金属的迁移行为及用于处理AMD的有效性,研究在自行设计的动态实验柱中填充尾矿砂,在保持进水理化性质不变的条件下对其进行80 d的连续淋滤实验,实验过程中定期检测出水的成分,实验结束后对尾矿砂中元素赋存特征进行分析.结果表明,实验过程中出水pH值始终维持在7.5以上;Cu、Zn、Fe离子浓度分别保持在0.1、0.4、1 mg.L-1以下;尾矿砂的渗透系数逐渐降低,由初始的0.23 cm.s-1降至实验结束时的0.10 cm.s-1;固体中元素赋存形态分析结果表明,进水Cu2+、Zn2+主要通过2种作用被固定:Fe氢氧化物的吸持和自身沉淀(形成碳酸盐).研究发现铜陵相思谷尾矿具有较强的酸中和潜力,在中和过程中不仅不会产生重金属离子的淋滤迁移,相反会对其产生沉淀和吸附,因此,可以考虑将该尾矿作为AMD处理的有用材料进行废物利用.     

污水地下渗滤系统强化脱氮试验研究

构建了3套以5%炉渣+95%草甸棕壤为基质的地下渗滤系统室内模拟试验装置,在水力负荷为0.1m3/(m2·d)条件下进行了生活污水处理试验.结果表明,当分流位置位于系统内110cm处,分流比为1:1时,可提高地下渗滤对总氮的去除效率,总氮的去除率由59.37%提高至68.41%,且对COD和总磷的去除效果没有影响.