Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system was studied. System A was filled with loamy soil and system B was filled with mixed soil of 75% red clay with 25% cinder. Both systems were fed with sewage at the same hydraulic loading of 2 cm/d at continuous operation mode. The same excellent removal performances of COD and T-P could be achieved in both infiltration systems with removal rates about 85% and 98%, respectively. In system A, NH4^ -N removal rate was as high as 96.5% and T-N removal rate was relatively much lower as 55.7%. And in system B, NH4^ -N removal rate was as low as 75.4% and T-N removal rate was relatively much higher as 75.5 %. The difference was attributed to different soil oxidation-reduction condition that was greatly influenced by soil texture in subsurface infiltration system. Loamy soil led to oxidative condition that was favorable to nitrification and disadvantageous to denitrification. The results were just adverse to the system filled with clay. Intermittent operation was adopted to improve nitrogen removal in system B. NH4^ -N removal rate could be increased to about 95% and T-N removal rate could be increased to about 90% at intermittent operation mode in system B. Analysis of nitrogen removal mechanisms indicated that nitrification-denitrification was the primary nitrogen removal path in subsurface infiltration system and crop uptake was another important nitrogen removal way, It was the key to improve the total N removal performance that a suitable packing soil was available to present favorable oxidation-reduction condition for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

铁矿石和生物炭添加对潜流人工湿地污水处理效果和温室气体排放及微生物群落的影响

人工湿地中基质的种类和填充方式会影响人工湿地中微生物的多样性及丰度,进而影响污水处理效果.通过在温室内构建空白-人工湿地(CW0)、铁矿石-人工湿地(CW1)、生物炭-人工湿地(CW2)和铁矿石+生物炭-人工湿地(CW3)这4组湿地,研究不同填料人工湿地系统的污水处理效果和温室气体排放及微生物群落结构的差异.结果表明,...     

临潼温泉地下流体地震前兆异常分析

采用一阶差分、滤波、五日均值等方法对临潼台水氡、水溶气资料进行了分析研究,认为：1998年1月5日泾阳4.8级和2002年2月5日宝鸡3.4级地震前临潼台流体均出现了明显的短临前兆异常;泾阳地震的异常时间比宝鸡地震长;两次地震前流体异常幅度明显不同,异常幅度与震级关系不明显.     

农村生活污水土地处理技术

本文陈述了我国农村生活污水的特点和污水土地处理技术的研究及应用现状,认为污水土屯处理技术处理农村生活污水是可行的,对BOD,COD,氨氮,总氮和总磷有着较高的去除率,并且投资省、运行费用低、管理简单、维护方便、出水可回用,有净化污水、美化绿化环境和节约水资源的综合效果。     

煤矿酸性矿井水研究进展

中高硫煤在开采及开采后的相当长时间内，煤层，围岩中的硫化物矿物与氧气和水接触，极易产生大量的酸性矿井水，对矿业生产和生态环境造成严重危害，本文在全面综合国内外相关研究文献的基础上，分析了酸性矿井水的水质特征，分布情况，形成机制，衰减规律及工程治理等方面研究的进展，并较为详细地论述和分析了今后的研究重点内容和发展方向，即在深入研究酸性矿井水水文地球化学的基础上，加强酸性矿井水环境学和治理新工艺方面的研究。     

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF A PINE PLANTATION1

ABSTRACT: There are increasing concerns in the forestry community about global climate change and variability associated with elevated atmospheric CO₂. Changes in precipitation and increases in air temperature could impose additional stress on forests during the next century. For a study site in Carteret County, North Carolina, the General Circulation Model, HADCM2, predicts that by the year 2099, maximum air temperature will increase 1.6 to 1.9°C, minimum temperature will increase 2.5 to 2.8°C, and precipitation will increase 0 to 10 percent compared to the mid‐1990s. These changes vary from season to season. We utilized a forest ecosystem process model, PnET‐II, for studying the potential effects of climate change on drainage outflow, evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI) and forest Net Primary Productivity (NPP). This model was first validated with long term drainage and LAI data collected at a 25‐ha mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) experimental watershed located in the North Carolina lower coastal plain. The site is flat with poorly drained soils and high groundwater table. Therefore, a high field capacity of 20 cm was used in the simulation to account for the topographic effects. This modeling study suggested that future climate change would cause a significant increase of drainage (6 percent) and forest productivity (2.5 percent). Future studies should consider the biological feedback (i.e., stomata conductance and water use efficiency) to air temperature change.     

Soil,water and plants contamination by total chrome and chrome VI

The chrome (Cr) is a metal utilized in various industrial sectors and its investigation in the environment is necessary, for the Cr (III) contain aessential micronutrients in the human nourishment and the Cr (VI), on the other hand, is toxic. In the present work soil contamination with Cr was realized in drainagelysimetersset in concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹ of total Cr, with the intuition to determine the total Cr and Cr (VI) flux in leached water, in soil and in plants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). In the lysimeters were cultivated four plants, in three cultivation circles. In the end of the cultivations was observed, that the total applied Cr leached in the soil, evidencing the Cr mobility in latossoil with simulant characteristics to the ones utilized in this paper. The Cr (VI) concentrations in the soil increased soon after the treatment applications, but tend to decrees in the time elapse, the same tendences were observed for the total Cr concentrations in the leached water. The Cr absorption by plants was related to the Cr disponibility in the soil, for the soil concentration and the plants decreased with time passing. The Cr mobility in the soil possibilitated the groundwater contamination presenting risks to the water quality and, consequently to public health.     

水溶性农药稻田流失特性研究

通过大田试验和测坑试验,研究了水溶性农药的稻田流失特性及其影响因素,在此基础上得到了杀虫单和乐果的稻田流失量。结果表明:杀虫单的稻田排水流失量为208.0g·hm-2,渗漏流失量为222.0g·hm-2,总流失量为其稻季用量的14.3%;乐果的稻田排水流失量为238.5g·hm-2,渗漏流失量为160.8g·hm-2,总流失量为其稻季用量的13.4%。     

Major and trace elements in paddy soil contaminated by Pb–Zn mining: a case study of Kočani Field,Macedonia

The objective of this study was to assess the bulk chemical composition as well as the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in the paddy soil of Kočani Field (eastern Macedonia). The results revealed that the paddy soil of the western part of Kočani Field is severely contaminated with Pb, Zn, As and Cd in the vicinity of the Zletovska River due to irrigation with riverine water that is severely affected by acid mine and tailing effluents from the Pb–Zn mine in Zletovo. The detected total concentrations of these metals are far above the threshold values considered to be phytotoxically excessive for surface soil. The paddy soil in the vicinity of the Zletovska River was also found to exhibit elevated levels of Ba, Th, U, V, W, Mo, Cu, Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, Hg and Tl, with concentrations above their generally accepted median concentration values obtained during this study. A correlation matrix revealed that the Mn and Fe oxides/hydroxides are the most important carrier phase for several trace elements, with the exception of rare earth elements (REEs). These also represent a major sink for the observed heavy metal pollution of the soil. REEs are mostly associated with two phases: light (L)REEs are bound to K-Al, while heavy (H)REEs are bound to Mg-bearing minerals. Although there is no direct evidence of a health risk, the paddy soil in the vicinity of Zletovska River needs further investigation and an assessment should be made of its suitability for agricultural use, particularly in view of the highly elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, As and Cd.     

基于覆岩裂隙带发育高度的走向高抽巷合理位置确定

为确定大采高综采面高抽巷的合理位置,以李村煤矿1303工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟及现场监测等研究方法,对1303工作面覆岩裂隙发育特征、高抽巷空间位置对其围岩稳定性与抽采效果的影响规律进行系统研究。研究结果表明:高抽巷宜布置在覆岩裂隙发育区,远离回风巷道采动应力影响的位置;1303工作面覆岩破坏范围随推进距离增加,呈现先急剧增大后趋于稳定的趋势,工作面推进距离为300 m时,裂隙带高度稳定在50 m左右,形成瓦斯抽采的优势通道;高抽巷距离煤层顶板、回风巷越近,越易失稳,不利于长期抽采,综合考虑高抽巷不同位置时的瓦斯抽采效率及围岩稳定性,确定其合理位置分别是距离回风巷平距为35 m,垂距为45 m;结合现场瓦斯浓度监测结果,得出上隅角、工作面、回风巷瓦斯浓度最大值分别为0.42%,0.24%,0.33%,远低于瓦斯超限标准1%,进一步证明高抽巷层位的合理布置,可以提高瓦斯抽采效果。