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801.
本文论述了硫酸盐还原菌的代谢和所需要的碳源以及硫酸盐还原的影响因素和生物处理酸性矿山废水的研究进展. 相似文献
802.
Tripole S Gonzalez P Vallania A Garbagnati M Mallea M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,114(1-3):377-389
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of acid mine drainage on the chemistry and the macrobenthos of the Carolina stream (San Luis – Argentina). Samples were obtained in the years 1997–1998 at two sites: site C1, located 200 m upstream of the drainage, and site C2, located 800 m downstream. The system buffer capacity was evaluated in the non – contaminated site by means of the buffer index calculation. The physico – chemical changes observed as a consequence of the contribution of acid mine drainage (AMD) were: a decreasing of pH and an increase in the ionic concentration, especially sulfate and Fe coming from the oxidation produced by chemiolithotrophic bacteria. The values obtained indicated a low buffer capacity and a high intrinsic vulnerability of the system to resist the impact originated by the AMD, producing a remarkable decreasing of pH of the receiving stream. These changes caused modifications in the original benthic community that was replaced by organisms more tolerant to the acid stress. A reduction in the abundance and in the taxonomic richness of the benthic macroinvertebrates was observed when compared with the reference station. An increase in the proportion of Chironomidae and of Acari and a decrease in the proportion of the remaining taxa were observed. The most sensitive groups were Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Mollusca. The community was mostly affected by the following variables: pH, conductivity, sulfate and dissolved total Fe. 相似文献
803.
804.
Gavin M. Mudd James Patterson 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1252-1260
The former Rum Jungle uranium-copper project, Australia, is an internationally important case study on environmental pollution from and rehabilitation of mining. The Rum Jungle mining project is briefly reviewed, followed by a critical evaluation of monitoring data and pollution loads prior to and after rehabilitation - leading to the conclusion that rehabilitation has clearly failed the test of time after just two decades. The most critical findings are the need to understand pollution cycles holistically, and designing monitoring regimes to match, explicit inclusion of radiological criteria (lacking in original planning), and finally the need to set targets based on environmental criteria. Two examples include polluted groundwater which was excluded from rehabilitation and the poor design, construction and/or performance of engineered soil covers - both leading to increasing acid drainage impacts on the Finniss River. The critical review therefore presents a valuable case study of the environmental performance of uranium mine site rehabilitation. 相似文献
805.
干旱地区山谷干式贮灰场的堆灰运行方式应根据当地气候特点、地形地貌等因素对各方案的优、缺点进行对比分析来确定。分析了某干式贮灰场在雨季发生的一次灰水外泄事故的原因并总结经验,为相关人员确定堆灰运行方式及防洪措施提供借鉴。 相似文献
806.
基质结构对水平潜流人工湿地净化效果影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
为研究基质填充结构变化对人工湿地净化效果的影响,构建2个不同基质结构的对比水平潜流人工湿地实验系统,对城市污水处理厂出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明,1~7 mm石英砂均混填充结构人工湿地系统对COD、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别为49.5%,40.1%和56.1%;比较而言,1~7 mm石英砂分层填充结构湿地系统对3种污染物的平均去除率分别为53.7%,60.4%和68.6%。方差分析表明,不同石英砂结构的人工湿地对COD、NH4+-N及TP的净化效果差异显著(p<0.05)。此外,不同水力停留时间条件下,基质填充结构不同的湿地系统对以上3种污染物的净化效果也存在显著差异(p<0.05),去除率随着水力停留时间的增加而升高,当HRT为36 h时,各系统均能取得较好的净化效果。 相似文献
807.
Evaluation of PPCPs removal in a combined anaerobic digester-constructed wetland pilot plant treating urban wastewater 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The removal efficiency of 16 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater (dissolved and particulate phases) was evaluated for the first time in a hybrid pilot plant consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by two sequentially connected horizontal flow constructed wetlands: a surface flow wetland (SF CW) and a subsurface flow wetland (SSF CW). Whereas the PPCP removal associated with the dissolved phase exhibited a seasonal pattern, the fraction associated with the suspended solids showed less seasonality. In the dissolved phase, the overall removal efficiency in summer ranged from 70% to 85% for salicylic acid (SAL), methyl dihydrojasmonate, caffeine (CAF), ketoprofen and triclosan, whereas in winter it declined for most of the PPCPs to between 30% and 50%, except for CAF and SAL (>80%) and carbamazepine and butylated hydroxyl toluene (11-18%). In the suspended solids, the removal exceeded 80% for most of the target PPCPs. The efficiency of the different treatment steps was also compound-dependent, but the SF CW generally exhibited the highest removal efficiency for most of the contaminants analyzed. The characterization of the organic matter retained in the wetland gravel beds revealed the occurrence of hydrophobic contaminants such as phthalate esters and fragrances at moderate concentrations (i.e., up to 3.5 μg kg−1), which declined strongly over the course of the different treatment steps. In the SF CW, the net mass accumulation rates of tonalide and galaxolide were 4 and 23 g y−1 respectively, whereas in the SSF CW they were 0.3 and 1.8 g y−1 respectively. 相似文献
808.
Caraballo MA Macías F Rötting TS Nieto JM Ayora C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3613-3619
During 20 months of proper operation the full scale passive treatment in Mina Esperanza (SW Spain) produced around 100 mg/L of ferric iron in the aeration cascades, removing an average net acidity up to 1500 mg/L as CaCO3 and not having any significant clogging problem. Complete Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti and V removal from the water was accomplished through almost the entire operation time while Fe removal ranged between 170 and 620 mg/L. The system operated at a mean inflow rate of 43 m3/day achieving an acid load reduction of 597 g·(m2 day)−1, more than 10 times higher than the generally accepted 40 g·(m2 day)−1 value commonly used as a passive treatment system designing criteria. The high performance achieved by the passive treatment system at Mina Esperanza demonstrates that this innovative treatment design is a simple, efficient and long lasting remediation option to treat highly polluted acid mine drainage. 相似文献
809.
Rapid changes to the Arctic hydrological cycle challenge both our process understanding and our ability to find appropriate
adaptation strategies. We have investigated the relevance and accuracy development of climate change projections for assessment
of water cycle changes in major Arctic drainage basins. Results show relatively good agreement of climate model projections
with observed temperature changes, but high model inaccuracy relative to available observation data for precipitation changes.
Direct observations further show systematically larger (smaller) runoff than precipitation increases (decreases). This result
is partly attributable to uncertainties and systematic bias in precipitation observations, but still indicates that some of
the observed increase in Arctic river runoff is due to water storage changes, for example melting permafrost and/or groundwater
storage changes, within the drainage basins. Such causes of runoff change affect sea level, in addition to ocean salinity,
and inland water resources, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Process-based hydrological modeling and observations, which can
resolve changes in evapotranspiration, and groundwater and permafrost storage at and below river basin scales, are needed
in order to accurately interpret and translate climate-driven precipitation changes to changes in freshwater cycling and runoff.
In contrast to this need, our results show that the density of Arctic runoff monitoring has become increasingly biased and
less relevant by decreasing most and being lowest in river basins with the largest expected climatic changes. 相似文献
810.
A novel acidophile community populating waste ore deposits at an acid mine drainage site 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Waste ore samples (pH 3.0) were collected at an acid mine drainage (AMD) site in Anhui, China. The present acidophillc microbial community in the waste ore was studied with 16S rRNA gene clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Eighteen different clones were identified and affiliated withActinobacteria, low G + C Gram-positives, Thermomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, candidate division TM7, and Planctomycetes. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a diversity of acidophiles in the samples that were mostly novel. It is unexpected that the moderately thermophilic acidophiles were abundant in the acidic ecosystem and may play a great role in the generation of AMD. The result of DGGE was consistent with that of clone library analysis. These findings help in the better understanding of the generation mechanism of AMD and in developing a more efficient method to control AMD. 相似文献