一种新型烟气脱硫技术在燃煤锅炉上的扩大试验

介绍了用硫化碱加TFS添加剂进行燃煤锅炉煤气脱硫并副产硫代硫酸钠的中试成果。     

挥发性有机硫化合物释放的研究与展望

在介绍硫的生物地球化学循环的基础上，概述了几种挥发性有机硫气体ＤＭＳ，ＣＯＳ，ＭＳＨ，ＣＳ２和ＤＭＤＳ从各种自然源（主要是生物源）释放的情况，着重阐述了陆地生态系统中各种生物硫源的释放情况，列举了测定这些释放的硫通量的方法，并且对有机硫气体的大气行为及环境影响也作了论述。     

氯苯紫外光降解产物对生物过滤塔运行性能的影响

生物过滤技术对难生物降解VOCs的处理效果较差,构建紫外光降解-生物过滤联合处理工艺是解决难生物降解VOCs处理的一个有效手段.已有研究表明,紫外光降解预处理对氯苯生物过滤塔的去除性能有促进作用.为了考察紫外预处理对生物过滤塔的影响机理,本研究分别考察了氯苯紫外光降解主要产物氯酚、乙酸以及副产物臭氧对生物过滤塔运行性能的影响.研究结果表明,加入乙酸降低了生物过滤塔的氯苯去除性能,在增加喷淋量后去除性能有所恢复.加入邻氯酚使生物过滤塔的氯苯去除性能略有降低.臭氧明显促进了生物过滤塔的氯苯去除性能,当进口臭氧浓度在60～120mg.m-3时,氯苯平均去除率可由70%提高到90%以上.因此,臭氧是紫外预处理促进生物过滤塔运行性能的主要因素.     

Gaseous emissions from weaned pigs raised on different floor systems

Gaseous emissions from agriculture contribute to a number of environmental effects. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are greenhouse gases taking part to the global problem of climate change. Ammonia (NH₃) emissions are responsible of soil acidification and eutrophication and contribute also to indirect emissions of N₂O. This work evaluated the influence of the type of floor on the emissions of these gases in the raising of weaned pigs. Two trials were carried out. In the first trial, the animals were kept either on fully slatted floor or on straw-based deep litter and, in the second one, either on fully slatted floor or on sawdust-based deep litter. For each trial and on each type of floor, 2 successive batches of weaned pigs were raised without changing the litter or emptying the slurry pit between the 2 batches. The rooms were automatically ventilated to maintain a constant ambient temperature.The performance of the animals was not significantly different according to the floor type. In trial 1, the nitrogen contents of the straw deep litter (including the substrate) and slurry were respectively 276 and 389 g pig⁻¹. In trial 2, the sawdust deep litter and slurry nitrogen contents were respectively 122 and 318 g pig⁻¹.Raising pigs on straw deep litter produced proportionately around 100% more NH₃ than raising pigs on slatted floor (0.61 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 0.31 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.05). Differences in CO₂, H₂O and CH₄ emissions were not significant between systems. Raising pigs on sawdust deep litter produced also proportionately more NH₃ (+52%; 0.55 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 0.36 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.01) but also more CO₂ (+25%; 427 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 341 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.001) and H₂O (+65%; 981 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 593 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.001) and less CH₄ (−40%; 0.52 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 0.86 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.001) than raising pigs on slatted floor. Practically no N₂O emission was observed from rooms with slatted floor while the N₂O emissions were 0.03 and 0.32 g N₂O-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ for the straw and sawdust deep litter respectively. The warming potential of the greenhouse gases (N₂O + CH₄), were about 22, 34 and 168 g CO₂ equivalents per day and per pig on fully slatted floor, straw or sawdust deep litter respectively.In conclusion, pollutant gas emissions from rearing of weaned pig seem lower with fully slatted plastic floor system than with deep litter systems.     

粘胶化纤厂废气治理试验

采用ＴＦ－ＴＡ工艺治理粘胶化纤厂废气。先以ＴＦ脱硫液选择脱除ＨＺＳ,再以ＴＡ液体脱除ＣＳ２。Ｈ２Ｓ脱除和再生能一步完成,脱除率９８％以上,其表达ηＨ２ｓ＝９９．５＋４．７１×１０－４ｘ－３．６８×１０－７ｘ２。ＣＳ２脱除率在气液比２００—３００时达８０％─９０％,其表达式：ηＣＳ２＝９８．９－１．３２×１０－３ｘ—２．００×１０－４ｘ２。文中还讨论了粘胶化纤厂废气总体治理意见。     

烟气中SO2/NOx同时吸收催化脱除的研究

根据同时脱硫脱硝的要求,对以ＣＵＯ为主要活性组分催化剂的制备和反应过程进行研究,活性测试的结果表明,催化剂的最佳活化温度和活化时间分别为４５０℃和２ｈ。当反应温度为４００℃,空间速度为２×１０＾４ｈ＾－１以及ＣｕＳＯ４／ＣｕＯ摩尔比和Ｃｕ／Ｓ分别保持在１．４６和０．８３以上时,ＳＯ２和ＮＯｘ的脱除率可达９０％以上。     

中国地区氧化亚氮排放量及其变化的估算

对我国大气中氧化亚氮的排放源及其大小进行了分析和计算,中国地区氧化亚氮的年排放置为950G_9N_2O-N,约占全球总排放量的6％.天然源和人为源各占我国氧化亚氮排放量的71％和29％.在天然源中以海洋排放为主,人为源中则以煤炭燃烧释放的贡献最大.计算显示今后几年内氧化亚氮排放的年增加量是6G_9N_2O-N.     

水稻土中胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究

测定在室内培养情况下南京水稻土中挥发性含硫气体的释放．结果表明,该土壤中产生Ｈ２Ｓ、羰基硫（ＣＯＳ）和二甲基硫（ＭＤＳ）气体．当土壤中加入胱氨酸后,检测到甲硫醇（ＣＨ３ＳＨ）、二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）、ＣＯＳ、Ｈ２Ｓ和ＤＭＳ气体．除ＤＭＳ之外,这些气体的释放量随胱氨酸添加量增加而增加．据此推测,水稻土中胱氨酸的分解可能是ＣＨ３ＳＨ、ＣＳ２、ＣＯＳ、Ｈ２Ｓ等４种气体产生释放的来源之一．在厌氧条件（充氮淹水）下检测到的含硫气体低于好氧条件（普通大气淹水）．光照、ｐＨ值、土壤含水量等对含硫气体的释放量均有影响     

云南省城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征

根据《IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》和《省级温室气体清单编制指南》方法,建立2018年云南省16个州(市)城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放清单,包括生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理过程,并分析了温室气体排放的时间分布、空间分布和影响因素等。结果表明;(1)2018年云南省生活垃圾处理温室气体总排放量为536万t CO_2当量,各州(市)间排放量差异明显,滇中经济发达地区和滇东北人口密度较高地区排放量明显高于滇西北地区。(2)2005—2018年,云南省生活垃圾处理排放的温室气体量增长了191.3%,温室气体排放组成发生明显变化,CH4比重不断下降,CO_2比重不断增加。(3)城镇人口数量、生活垃圾处理量、经济发展水平与温室气体排放量显著相关,其中人口数量更为明显。     

崇明东滩芦苇湿地温室气体排放通量及其影响因素

通过静态箱-气相色谱法对崇明东滩芦苇群落在生长周期内的3种温室气体——CH₄、N₂O和CO₂的排放、吸收特征进行研究. 结果表明:芦苇群落湿地CH₄排放通量受温度影响较大,夏季排放通量明显高于其他季节,年均排放通量为74.46μg/(m2·h);N₂O年均排放通量为2.22μg/(m2·h),冬季排放通量最大;CO₂的吸收率季节变化明显,年均排放通量为-101.93mg/(m2·h). 温度、芦苇植株光合作用及呼吸作用是影响CH₄产生和排放的主要因素;而沉积物氮素不足和限制,则是促使芦苇群落表现出对N₂O吸收的原因;芦苇的光合作用及土壤呼吸作用随温度和季节的变化是控制芦苇湿地CO₂的排放和吸收的主要因素. 芦苇植株发达的通气组织是CH₄和N₂O由大气向沉积物扩散的通道,同时分子扩散过程也是沉积物产生的CH₄、N₂O和CO₂扩散到大气中的途径和方式.