2013 — 2016年西安市臭氧时空变化特性与影响因素

臭氧污染主要是由前体物氮氧化物（NO_x）和挥发性有机物（VOC）的过量排放引起的,通过NO_x/?SO₂的比值可得知西安地区已经受到了光化学烟雾型污染的影响,大气中臭氧含量与NO_x的含量相关性较高;西安13个站点的8小时平均浓度分布变化大体可分为单峰变化和持续递减类型,浓度主要集中在0?—?90 μg???m^?3,不同站点臭氧含量相差较大;2013?—?2016年,高新西区臭氧超标天数最多,为146天,是超标天数最少的兴庆小区的2倍多。高浓度臭氧主要出现在高温度、低湿度、实时风向为东南风或南风的天气。此外,治理臭氧污染必须限制机动车尾气排放,同时研究表明来自秦岭的植物VOC对于西安臭氧浓度影响很大。     

城市生态足迹计算中温室气体环境责任的区域分配法

针对生态足迹方法应用于城市尺度时对温室气体处理上的不足,提出了除存在能源贸易调整的缺陷外,还应对城市的温室气体环境责任重新定义和划分,城市可持续发展应依照城市自身的区域特征来制定标准.在对城市尺度与国家尺度上生态足迹核算体系温室气体环境责任分配内涵的不同进行分析后,基于城市等级的划分和经济联系强度等概念,构建了在城市尺度上温室气体环境责任的区域分配法,使生态足迹方法应用在城市尺度的可持续评价上更加真实可靠.     

Aircraft Emissions: A Comparison of Methodologies Based on Different Data Availability

The impact of air traffic on the global atmosphere is characterised by a high degree of uncertainty, concerning both the physico-chemical phenomena involved and the extent of the forcing due to anthropogenic emissions. The different effects of these emissions (e.g. on climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, tropospheric ozone formation) are dealt with by different international bodies and conventions (e.g. IPCC, EMEP. . .) which are trying to define a standard methodology allowing countries to evaluate their contributions to global aircraft emissions and to report these figures in a standardised way. The paper compares different methodologies proposed by the joint EMEP/CORINAIR 'Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook' for estimating aircraft emissions. Adjustments to these methodologies have been proposed, in order to integrate some additional data such as the total amount of flight hours per aircraft type or fuel consumption per trip. In case detailed information is not available, we recommend the use of a VERY SIMPLE methodology which may yield acceptable results, provided that every country makes adequate assumptions on the average aircraft type.     

Ecological principles,biodiversity, and the electric utility industry

The synthetic field of conservation biology uses principles derived from many different disciplines to address biodiversity issues. Many of these principles have come from ecology, and two simple ones that seem to relate to many issues involving the utility industry are: (1) Everything is interconnected (and should usually stay that way), and (2) We can never do merely one thing. The first principle can be applied to both the biotic and physical environments that are impacted by industrial activities. Habitat fragmentation and the loss of physical and biotic connectedness that results are frequently associated with transmission rights-of-way. These problems can be reduced—or even turned into conservation benefits—by careful planning and creative management. The second principle applies to the utility industry's programs to deal with carbon released by burning fossil fuels. Ecological knowledge can allow these programs to contribute to the preservation of biodiversity in addition to addressing a pollution problem. Without careful ecological analyses, industry could easily create new problems while implementing solutions to old ones.     

威远震旦系天然气与油气生运聚

根据威远震旦系气藏天然气组成、同位素特征、储层包裹体的对比研究 ,我们认为该气藏的天然气主要来源于下寒武统筇竹寺组泥岩 ,其天然气主要是干酪根裂解气 ,次为油的裂解气。威远震旦系气藏是喜山期形成的 ,威远的天然气无论是干酪根裂解气还是油裂解气都由北面古构造聚集的干酪根裂解气和油裂解气转移而来 ,威远构造之所以能形成工业聚集的重要原因就是威远构造的形成与北面古构造的消失的良好匹配关系     

有机废气催化燃烧技术

对催化燃烧处理有机废气的基本原理、特点及经济性，以及催化剂、动力学和工艺流程等研究进展进行综述。     

Numerous experiments for the impact of warming climate on the phenology and grain yield of winter wheat

Based on the environmental and crop data at Zhenjiang City, in Jiangsu Province, middle east of China, the growing process of winter wheat was simulated by CERES-Wheat model assuming the daily average temperature is 1℃ to 2℃ higher than at the present, which are mostly possible for the change of climate because of enrichment of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The simulation results show that warming climate can promote development rate and shorten phenological stages of wheat, and the grain yield will be higher than present. Its impact on the kernel weight and grains per square meter were different for the plantings of various sowing dates. The results of this study suggest that substantial changes in agricultural production and management practices are needed to respond to the climatic changes expected to take place in China.     

阜新市机动车尾气污染物排放现状分析

文中对阜新市的机动车尾气监测结果进行了统计分析，结果表明，汽油机动车一氧化碳排放浓度平均值为1．2％，碳氢化合物排放浓度平均值为355．0ppm；汽油机动车尾气排放超标率为6．09％；不同车型的统计结采表明，一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放浓度平均值；柴油机动车的烟气黑度平均值为3．87，柴油机动车尾气排放超标牢为24．11％，明显高于汽油机动车（6．09％）；柴油机动车不同车型的统计结果表明，烟气黑度平均值，轿车〈货车〈客车。排放尾气的烟气黑度超标率为轿车〈客车〈货车；相关分析结果表明，汽油机动车尾气中一氧化碳排放浓度与碳氢化合物排放浓度有极显著的正相关，轿车、客车、货车的相关系数分别为0．5518、0．4059、0．4714。     

减少农业甲烷排放的技术选择

文章总结了温室气体甲烷的最新研究进展,包括:甲烷对全球变暖的贡献,甲烷的排放机理以及优先研究的领域;估算了我国农业甲烷排放的贡献:中国约占世界人工源甲烷排放量的10.48％,其中农业排放占一半以上;根据实验结果,提出了筛选低排放水稻品种、水分管理、施肥管理、改进饲料、使用添加剂和生长调节剂、改进遗传、促进繁育等减少稻田和反刍家畜甲烷排放的若干技术选择。     

同化箱装置在温带落叶阔叶林CO2交换研究中的应用

本文探讨了森林生态系统中植物－－土壤－－大气ＣＯ２气体交换测定装置。本装置在草原生态系统植物群落光合作用测定装置基础上改进而来，适用于森林地带无交流电源，效能运输不便的地区，利用便携式ＣＯ２红外线分析仪和粉尘采样器替代气泵，具有经济，轻便，实用等特点。