以强化硬件建设为重点扎实做好内蒙古自治区土壤污染状况调查工作

内蒙古自治区环境监测中心站,通过强化硬件建设,制定各项措施,为内蒙古自治区土壤污染状况调查做出了重要保障。     

Correction model for CO detection in the coal combustion loss process in mines based on GWO-SVM

Accurate detection of CO gas is crucial to the prevention of coal combustion. Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a reliable method for CO detection during coal combustion. The influences of temperature and pressure cause changes in the line strength and linewidth of the index gases’ absorption spectra, leading to sizable measurement errors. To correct the distortion of the CO absorption spectrum caused by temperature and pressure fluctuation, a compensation model based on the grey wolf optimizer–support vector machine (GWO–SVM) was proposed. The results were compared with those of the single SVM, the back propagation neural network (BPNN), and multiple regression analysis (MRA). MRA was revealed to result in the lowest accuracy, which indicated that MRA is not ideal for compensation in TDLAS. The hyperparameter selection of the SVM had the disadvantages of randomness and blindness, which led to instability and large errors. The BPNN achieved better correction in the training stage, but severe overfitting occurred in the testing stage. The modified results revealed that the GWO–SVM model had higher accuracy and stability than the other models. It effectively inhibited the effects of temperature and pressure on the measured concentration and greatly improved the measurement accuracy. The equipment is thus suitable for CO gas detection with the aim to preventing coal combustion loss, and it can be further applied to loss prevention in other process fields.     

ALOHA在危险品公路运输应急决策支持系统中的应用

危险品道路运输量逐年增加,运输过程中一旦发生泄漏就会给人类安全健康、自然环境和社会带来巨大的危害.提出了危险品运输应急支持系统的设计构想,并从决策支持系统(DSS)中数据库和模型库两方面进行了分析,同时利用ALOHA和ArcGIS初步实现了系统的功能,为应急辅助决策提供一定的指导.     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

大孔TiO2/SiO2光催化剂用于空气净化的性能研究

以新型SiO2为载体,通过钛酸丁酯溶液的浸渍、原位水解以及高温煅烧制备出新型的大尺寸大孔径的TiO2/SiO2光催化剂.利用该催化剂设计出空气净化器进行空气净化实验,通过实验发现:大孔催化剂对甲醛、氨、苯这样的小分子物质表现出异常的吸附性能,由此提高了净化速率和效果;大孔催化剂能有效杀灭流动空气中的细菌,其中大孔结构对...     

决策支持系统在污染场地管理中的应用

污染场地环境管理问题包含很多环节,涉及信息量大,采用决策支持系统管理污染场地是一种有效的技术手段。污染场地管理和修复决策支持系统的研究在我国还处于探索阶段,全面了解欧美发达国家污染场地管理决策支持系统的应用现状与趋势,对于我国科学开展与实施污染场地管理工作具有重要意义。文章详细介绍了两个应用广泛的污染场地管理决策支持系统,并对一些常用的决策支持系统进行了比较,据此提出我国开发污染场地管理决策支持系统需要考虑的相关问题。     

单矢量水听器抗混响方法研究

混响是主动声纳的主要干扰。矢量水听器是较新型的水声测量设备,其接收的混响和目标信号之间存在相位差异。基于这些差异,探索了矢量声能流方法用于抗混响处理的可行性,在理论上得到了较高的空间处理增益和时间处理增益。计算结果和仿真结果表明,相对于常规的声压平方积分器,该方法具有很好的抗混响效果。     

美国机场大气污染物控制途径及效果

随着航空运输业的快速发展,飞机及机场机械排放的污染物越来越受到人们的重视,国内外针对机场污染物排放和环境影响采取了针对性的控制措施。本文主要根据美国环保局针对机场飞机和地面保障机械尾气排放控制措施和效果的评估资料,整理机场大气污染物控制途径及效果,合理的飞机起降安排、地面保障机械的清洁燃料替代和尾气后处理装置的安装使用是主要的控制措施,本文总结了各项控制措施的减排效果,为机场大气污染物排放治理提供参考和借鉴。     

Effects of tungsten oxide on the activity and thermal stability of a sulfate-derived titania supported platinum catalyst for propane oxidation

A Pt/WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst for propane oxidation was prepared by a stepwise wet impregnation method, and was aged at 800℃ for 5 hr. Compared to the sulfate-derived titania supported catalyst, the introduction of tungsten oxide as stable Bronsted acid sites led to the formation of more metallic platinum active sites at the Pt/WO₃ interface. The dissociation of surface intermediates for propane oxidation was promoted on the WO₃-modified catalyst. This, as well as the inhibition effects of tungsten oxide on the sintering of anatase and the phase transformation to rutile, resulting in a high activity and thermal stability for the Pt/WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst.     

SVM与ANN在湖泊富营养化评价中的对比研究

支持向量机是由Vapnik等提出的建立在统计学习理论基础上的一种新的机器学习方法,由于其使用结构风险最小化原则代替经验风险最小化原则,又由于其应用了核函数思想,它可以较好地解决非线性问题;人工神经网络(ANN)已经较成功解决模式识别和任意非线性函数回归问题,但是存在训练样本不足,并可能出现过拟合现象。SVM的结构风险最小化算法引起了科学界的关注,对传统基于经验风险最小化的神经网络算法提出了挑战,文章介绍了SVM和ANN的基本原理,并对二者在巢湖富营养化水平评价上做对比研究,结果表明,ANN比较容易陷入局部最优,支持向量机评价结果更加符合实际。