Materialphilia,biophilia, and sustainable use of the planet

SUMMARY

The intricate and complex relationships between transhumant pastoralists, livestock and environment at the high altitudes of Indian Central Himalaya has started to break down at an alarming rate. Some of the important factors attributed to this are depletion of grazing resources, commercialization of the rural economy, and integration of these communities with the mainstream of development through education and employment. Traditionally these livestock were assigned different roles in society depending upon their economic benefit and utility. The roles which once depended upon attitude to various risks, such as environmental, social and economic, have lost their significance due to changing of the production process. This paper gives an overview of the various types of roles the livestock played in the transhumant society, and how they are being replaced by the developmental process in the region, and whether the changes are sustainable for such remote regions in a developing country.     

Evaluation of carrying capacity with particular reference to firewood and fodder resources in Central Himalaya: a case study of Baliya catchment

SUMMARY

The dwindling forests of the Central Himalaya are suffering from serious losses, threatening the subsistence population of the region. This study analyses the rate of consumption of fodder and firewood in a Central Himalayan catchment and estimates the carrying capacity of the catchment for these resources. Estimates indicate that the carrying capacity of the natural ecosystems and agroecosystems, in terms of availability of fodder and fuelwood resources, has already been exceeded.     

城市生态可持续性的内涵及其支持系统评价指标体系研究

构建城市生态可持续性支持系统评价模型并对其发展水平进行综合评价,是城市生态可持续性从理论研究阶段进入可操作的实际应用阶段的重要步骤。针对城市生态可持续性基本内涵,根据＂承载力-支持力-吸引力-延续力-发展力＂（CSAED）模型框架,构建城市生态可持续性支持系统的评价指标体系,以泛长株潭地区为例,分析了该区域各地市在生态环境有效改善、资源能源集约利用、社会民生和谐进步、经济高效公平增长、人口质量综合提升、政策和制度调整与完善等方面的基本情况与提升方向。评价结果表明：泛长株潭地区大部分城市生态环境有效改善水平、资源能源集约利用效率、社会民生进步程度以及经济高效公平增长水平都普遍偏低,这意味着当前该区域亟需解决城市生态承载力不够强、环境容量有限、产业结构仍待升级、就业结构不优及公共服务不足等区域经济社会发展不协调问题,以维持区域城市生态可持续性。     

基于基团贡献法的有机化合物好氧生物降解预测模型研究

从MITI-Ⅰ试验中筛选出587种不同类型有机化合物的可用数据,通过对这些物质的结构进行拆分,随机选择其中50种化合物作为验证集,另外537种作为训练集,利用多元线性回归(MLR)和支持向量机(SVM)2种计算方法分别建立模型。结果表明,芳香酸、醛、芳香碘和叔胺等功能基团对有机化合物的好氧生物降解性影响较大;MLR模型总体预测正确率为81.43%,验证集正确率为82%,SVM模型总体预测正确率为87.90%,验证集正确率为86%。所建立的2种定量结构与生物降解性关系(QSBR)模型有效,可用于化学品的好氧生物降解性评价。     

荧光抗辐射菌的构建及其稳定性

将构建的抗辐射菌属-大肠杆菌间的泛用穿梭表达载体pZTGL2导入抗辐射菌Deinococcus grandis,进行了荧光标识抗辐射菌的构建及其在没有抗生素的非选择性培养基中继代培养后的稳定性分析.结果表明,导入泛用穿梭表达载体pZTGL2后的D.grandis具有荧光活性,荧光标识的D.grandis在没有抗生素的培养基中经14 d继代培养后的最佳培养温度及其生长状况等生物学特性与未标识的D.grandis没有明显差异.进一步对荧光标识D.grandis在非选择性培养基中经14 d继代培养后的稳定性进行了调查,结果表明:荧光标识的D.grandis在没有抗生素的培养基中经过14 d的继代培养后的荧光活性与没有经过继代培养的荧光标识的D.grandis无显著差异,而且也没有改变荧光标识的D.grandis对γ-射线的抗性.由以上结果认为:成功构建了荧光标识的抗辐射菌D.grandis,荧光标识的D.grandis在非选择培养基中继代培养后仍能表现出良好的结构稳定性.图4表1参18     

多类支持向量机在煤矿安全评价中的应用研究

针对矿井子系统诸多、环境复杂、影响因素多变和在现实条件下难以获得大量煤矿样本的情况,提出将对非线性、小样本问题有较高处理能力的支持向量机理论引入到机制评价中,并在归纳了支持向量分类机从一对多到一对一再到决策树模式的多渠道多层次分类原理基础上,建立了基于多分类支持向量机原理的煤矿安全多层次评价模型,同时通过提取影响煤矿安全因素的特征参数,引人类权重因子和样本权重因子,较好地解决了训练样本类别数量不平衡、数据干扰导致的错分问题,实现了对煤矿安全较高准确率和较高效率的评价.     

Integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines based on the acoustic wave method

With the development of natural gas transportation systems, major accidents can result from internal gas leaks in pipelines that transport high-pressure gases. Leaks in pipelines that carry natural gas result in enormous financial loss to the industry and affect public health. Hence, leak detection and localization is a major concern for researchers studying pipeline systems. To ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of pipeline emergency repair, a high-pressure and long-distance circular pipe leakage simulation platform is designed and established by similarity analysis with a field transmission pipeline, and an integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines is proposed. Given that the spread velocity of acoustic waves in pipelines is related to the properties of the medium, such as pressure, density, specific heat, and so on, this paper proposes a modified acoustic velocity and location formula. An improved wavelet double-threshold de-noising optimization method is also proposed to address the original acoustic wave signal collected by the test platform. Finally, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method is applied to determine the leakage degree and operation condition. Experimental results show that the integrated model can enhance the accuracy and precision of pipeline leakage detection and localization.     

The role of weekly high‐activated positive mood,context, and personality in innovative work behavior: A multilevel and interactional model

This article proposed and tested a multilevel and interactional model of individual innovation in which weekly moods represent a core construct between context, personality, and innovative work behavior. Adopting the circumplex model of affect, innovative work behavior is proposed as resulting from weekly positive and high‐activated mood. Furthermore, drawing on the Big Five model of personality and cognitive appraisal theory, openness to experience and support for innovation are proposed as individual and contextual variables, respectively, which interplay in this process. Openness to experience interacts with support for innovation leading to high‐activated positive mood. Furthermore, openness interacts with these feelings leading to greater levels of innovative work behavior. Overall, the model entails a moderated mediation process where weekly high‐activated positive mood represents a crucial variable for transforming contextual and individual resources into innovative outcomes. These propositions were tested and supported using a diary methodology and multilevel structural equation modeling, on the basis of 893 observations of innovative work behavior and moods nested in 10 weekly waves of data. This information was collected from 92 individuals of diverse occupations employed in 73 distinct companies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The supervisor POS–LMX–subordinate POS chain: Moderation by reciprocation wariness and supervisor's organizational embodiment

We present three studies providing an increased understanding of the interdependence between perceived organizational support (POS) and leader–member exchange (LMX). Using employees from a social service agency and new hires from a variety of organizations, we report evidence for a relational chain leading from supervisors' perceptions of support by the organization (supervisor POS) to the formation of high‐quality LMX relationships with their subordinates (first link), who interpret high‐quality LMX as support from the organization (subordinate POS, second link) and, ultimately, repay the organization with increased dedication and effort (examined here in terms of reduced withdrawal behavior). The relationship between supervisor POS and LMX with subordinates was strongly moderated by supervisor fear of exploitation in exchange relationships (reciprocation wariness), holding only for supervisors with low reciprocation wariness. Consistent with the view that employees perceive the organization as partly responsible for treatment received from supervisors, LMX was found to be more strongly related to POS when employees highly identified their supervisors with the organization (supervisor's organizational embodiment), and this interaction extended to reduced withdrawal behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strengthening the employment relationship: The effects of work‐hours fit on key employee attitudes

Today's hourly workers are facing revised work schedules and shifting hours, which may have critical implications for employment relationships. This study considers the impact of work‐hours fit on key attitudes of hourly employees—perceived organizational support, job stress, work–family conflict, intent to turnover, and life satisfaction. We define work‐hours fit as the difference between an employee's desired number of hours and the actual hours worked, and we examine both the congruence of work‐hours fit and the degree of misfit. We also examine the moderating impact of the type of misfit, defined as working too many versus too few hours. Results indicate that, in our sample, hourly employees are typically not working the hours they prefer. As predicted, work‐hours fit impacts the attitudes we examined, and, when considering the type of misfit, congruence matters more for life satisfaction and intent to turnover. Results also indicate working too few hours impacts job stress and life satisfaction, whereas working too many effects work–family conflict. This paper demonstrates the importance of preferences, as a reflection of time/money resource trade‐offs, and offers ways for employers to improve work–family facilitation and strengthen their employment relationships. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.