海塘工程安全分析与防台抗潮决策支持技术

风暴潮期间海塘工程的安全是防汛工作的重要问题。本文对海塘工程安全的影响因素进行了分析，提出了海塘工程安全预警的思路，并将决策支持系统这一新技术引入防台抗潮的决策工作中，以提高决策人的决策能力。     

基于Matlab优化工具箱的煤巷顶板锚杆支护结构可靠性分析

针对煤巷围岩力学参数中有许多为随机变量的特征,根据围岩稳定性极限状态方程,应用工程结构可靠性理论,分析煤巷顶板锚杆支护结构的可靠性,建立基于Matlab优化工具箱的可靠度计算模型。该法编程简单,计算速度快,精度高,程序通用性强,是一种计算煤巷锚杆支护结构可靠度的有效方法,并且分析该法计算结构可靠度的适用条件,建立了巷道顶板支护参数与可靠度的关系曲线,为煤巷锚杆支护参数设计和优化提供了科学依据。     

Developing the ethical matrix as a decision support framework: GM fish as a case study

The Ethical Matrix was developed to help decision-makers explore the ethical issues raised by agri-food biotechnologies. Over the decade since its inception the Ethical Matrix has been used by a number of organizations and the philosophical basis of the framework has been discussed and analyzed extensively. The role of tools such as the Ethical Matrix in public policy decision-making has received increasing attention. In order to further develop the methodological aspects of the Ethical Matrix method, work was carried out to study the potential role of the Ethical Matrix as a decision support framework. When considering which frameworks to apply when analyzing the ethical dimensions of the application of agri-food biotechnologies, it is important to clarify the substantive nature of any prospective framework. In order to further investigate this issue, reflections on the neologism “ethical soundness” of an ethical framework are presented here. This concept is introduced in order to provide more structured evaluations of a range of ethical tools, including ethical frameworks such as the Ethical Matrix. As well as examining the philosophical dimensions of the method, theoretical analysis and literature studies were combined with stakeholder engagement exercises and consultations in order to review the Ethical Matrix from a user perspective. This work resulted in the development of an Ethical Matrix Manual, which is intended to act as a guide for potential user groups.     

我国流域生态补偿研究进展

分析了流域生态补偿的概念和实施流域生态补偿应遵循的六大原则,从界定流域生态补偿主客体、甄选流域生态补偿的功能载体和确定补偿标准三方面详细阐述了如何实施流域生态补偿机制,并分析了该领域在我国现阶段的研究特点,明确提出今后的主要研究方向:流域生态补偿的量化研究、探寻流域生态补偿的法律依据和构建流域生态补偿管理体系。     

Soil Moisture Data Assimilation Using Support Vector Machines and Ensemble Kalman Filter1

Abstract: A hybrid data assimilation (DA) methodology that combines two state‐of‐the‐art techniques, support vector machines (SVMs) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), is applied for soil moisture DA in this work. The SVM methodology provides a statistically sound and robust approach to solving the inverse problem, and thus to building statistical models. EnKF is an extension of the Kalman Filter (KF), a well‐known tool in prediction updating. In the present research, ground measurements were used to build a SVM‐type soil moisture predictor. Subsequent observations and their statistics were assimilated to update predictions from the SVM model by coupling it with EnKF. In this way, both model predictions and ground data, as well as their statistics, are fused thus minimizing the prediction error and making the predictions and observations statistically consistent. The results are shown for two approaches; one in which update is done at every time step and the other which assumes that data is only available at alternate time steps (in window of 10 time steps) and hence update is performed at those occasions. The SVM‐EnKF coupling is shown to improve soil moisture forecasts in an example using data from the Soil Climate Analysis Network site at Ames, Iowa.     

基于可缩放矢量图形(SVG)的应急救援网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)构建

地理信息系统(GIS)平台采购成本高、信息发布缺乏有效通用方法,使利用其进行二次开发的模式难以符合一些应急救援信息系统建设实际需要。万维网联盟制定的可缩放矢量图形(SVG)为解决这些问题提供了契机。在评价SVG作为下一代网络矢量图形开放标准的优势基础上,对如何以SVG为基础构建应急救援网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)进行了深入分析;介绍了用SVG设计应急救援专题电子地图的特色与实现方法,然后针对该专题对基于SVG的WebGIS架构进行了剖析与优化设计,并引入了重大危险源元数据库与应急救援方法库两个概念,最后给出一个重大危险源应急救援信息系统的框架。以该技术建立的应急救援WebGIS无平台依赖性,网络发布与交互便捷,开发具有伸缩性,适合不同层次应用需求。     

Decision support systems for major accident prevention in the chemical process industry: A developers’ survey

Solid major accident prevention management is characterized by efficient and effective risk assessments. As a means of addressing the efficiency aspect, decision support analysis software is becoming increasingly available. This paper discusses the results of a survey of decision support tools for investigating (internal and external) major hazards in the chemical industry. The most significant features, such as the usability and the functionality of the toolkits are discussed. Toolkit characteristics are analyzed in the light of the different major risk decision process stages. Consequently, valuable supportive information for company decision makers purchasing such software is given. Furthermore, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are formulated for establishing priorities for future risk toolkits developments.     

武器装备远程维修决策支援系统设计与开发

介绍了在网络技术环境下武器装备远程维修决策支援系统的设计与开发方案,简述了系统中的数据处理流程：数据源层、数据采集、数据仓库层、远程传输层、决策分析层、应用层等,介绍了系统的功能模块以及功能模块的功能、应用对象等。     

时间序列相似匹配算法在数字海洋风暴潮辅助决策系统中的应用

在现有风暴潮灾害研究基础上,结合风暴潮数据库特点,提出基于斜率分段过滤的相似匹配算法,定义了风暴潮辅助决策、风暴潮序列以及应用于风暴潮序列的相似匹配度量模型。由于海洋数据具有海量等特性,本文先用基于斜率特征向量分段算法进行过滤,再用风暴潮相似度量模型提取相似序列,依据提取的序列在风暴潮数据库中的记录信息,进行风暴潮辅助决策,为风暴潮灾害乃至整个海洋数据的研究提供了较好的技术支持。     

高透水地层复合土钉墙的应用

在透水性高的砂性土条件下,将止水帷幕水泥土搅拌桩与土钉相结合,形成复合土钉墙支护结构,是解决高透水地层基坑支护的有效方式.针对某具体工程实例,介绍了高透水地层采用复合土钉墙结构进行基坑支护的设计方案,并对基坑变形进行了监测.结果表明:采用复合土钉墙支护可满足基坑开挖对支护结构稳定及周边环境保护的要求,同时复合土钉墙结构受力合理、安全度高、施工简单方便、工期短、造价低,具有较好的经济和社会效益,可在类似工程中推广应用.