模糊支持向量机在滑坡危险性评价中的应用

为了将模糊支持向量机应用于滑坡灾害危险性评价工作,并进行验证,进行了研究区滑坡现状的调查,评价指标的选取,隶属函数的确定和基于FSVM的滑坡灾害危险性评价.选取了高程指标、坡度指标、岩土体指标、地表湿度指标及植被覆盖指标等5个指标作为滑坡灾害危险性评价指标,最后以莆田市为例,结合Rs和GIS技术,进行了滑坡危险性评价的研究.评价结果与实地验证和莆田市国土局提供的地质灾害现状图基本吻合.     

多点激励下拱桥竖向地震反应的简化计算方法

以某大跨公路拱桥为例,通过对拱桥在三种行波输入模式下地震反应的对比计算,提出了拱脚行波输入的简化输入方式;利用拱桥结构的对称性特点,提出了多点输入下半拱叠加的简化计算方法。经验证,这一计算方法具有良好的计算精度,可将较为复杂的拱桥多点输入地震反应计算问题,转化为工程技术人员熟悉的一致输入下地震反应计算问题。     

Cutting the cake: Supporting environmental fund allocation decisions

This paper describes a decision support model for allocating financial resources amongst multiple user groups in environmental management problems. The model is based on the multiple criteria analysis (MCA) method of compromise programming. It was used to inform the allocation of Natural Heritage Trust funds across 14 regions in Queensland, Australia. The model targets funding to those regions with greater natural resource management needs. Need is determined by 19 weighted criteria relating to natural resource assets and threats. The model was accepted by the Australian Government, Queensland Government and regional groups as an appropriate means for allocating program funds; first in 2005 and then again, with improvements, in 2007. This paper shows that an MCA model can improve the transparency, auditability and acceptance of allocation decisions which would otherwise be heavily politicised.     

Consideration of User Needs and Spatial Accuracy in Drought Mapping1

Abstract: The increasing availability of web mapping tools creates new opportunities to bridge decision‐makers’ climate information needs with technical capabilities. These new tools, however, raise familiar, unresolved issues related to cartographic representation. Using an on‐line drought mapping tool, this study seeks to understand which spatial unit best meets the desire drought managers have for “local” information, their comprehension of uncertainties introduced in mapping information at local scales, and their willingness to trade off accuracy for information at a desired unit. We found that the most useful local map information includes regional context and boundaries which present their local area of interest. Even among this experienced, well‐educated, professional group, those who had not taken a GIS or cartography class did not fully recognize the role of interpolation in creating and introducing uncertainty to some drought maps. Those who did recognize the uncertainty introduced by interpolation still strongly favored maps that provided estimated values for all areas vs. station point accuracy. Mapping poses a unique set of challenges to communicating risk and uncertainty. As more decision‐support efforts incorporate web mapping, greater attention is needed to assure that users understand the tradeoffs between accuracy and precision in creating local information, the imprecision of boundaries, as well as the limits of forecasts. Clearly conveying spatial accuracy and uncertainty is a challenge that merits greater attention in using maps to communicate drought and other environmental risk information.     

区域水环境规划决策支持系统初步研究

本文对区域水环境规划决策支持系统的总体结构进行介绍，论述了系统数据库，知识库，模型库的设计思路，结果表明系统可作为水环境规划的有效辅助工具，同时对该系统进一步开发完善了进行了探讨。     

基于支持向量机(SVM)的回采工作面瓦斯涌出混沌预测方法研究

针对瓦斯涌出传统的线性预测方法存在的问题,根据瓦斯涌出时间序列固有的确定性和非线性,利用混沌动力系统的相空间延迟坐标重构理论,结合基于机器学习理论的支持向量机(SVM),建立基于SVM理论的瓦斯涌出混沌时间序列预测模型。经Ⅱ1024回采工作面瓦斯涌出时间序列仿真计算,仿真结果显示该预测模型具有比传统的回归方法更好的泛化能力,预测方法具有很高的预测精度。同时,该模型具有以往传统机器学习的瓦斯涌出预测模型建立简便、训练速度快等优点。由于充分考虑瓦斯涌出时间序列的混沌性,并利用SVM预测的优良特性,使得预测更科学。     

浅议生态环境损害赔偿的理论基础与实施保障

本文立足于环境资源公共物品的属性,探讨构建生态环境损害赔偿制度的理论基础,提出行政主管部门应在生态环境损害赔偿中发挥主导作用。从落实《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》的角度出发,从明确责任主体、细化磋商与诉讼程序、健全生态环境损害评估制度、加强资金保障、强化法律与公众监督等方面提出关于改革方案配套制度的八条具体建议。     

硅胶负载纳米TiO2催化臭氧化降解水中微量硝基苯的研究

研究了纳米TiO2负载于硅胶表面作为臭氧氧化硝基苯过程中的催化剂时,热处理温度对催化活性的影响.结果表明,在700℃条件下烧结的纳米TiO2/硅胶表现出了最佳活性,反应10min硝基苯去除率相比于单独臭氧氧化提高了约25%.在一定范围内催化剂投量越大,硝基苯去除率越高.碱性pH环境有利于催化臭氧化反应的进行,但当pH值高于10时,硝基苯去除率有所降低.催化臭氧化反应遵循一级反应,反应速率常数与硝基苯的初始浓度无关.典型的自由基捕获剂叔丁醇与碳酸根离子对硝基苯的降解有强烈的抑制作用,间接地证明催化臭氧化反应遵循自由基作用机理.反应温度为10～40℃之间时,硝基苯去除率随着温度升高而提高.催化剂重复使用实验证明TiO2在硅胶表面负载牢固,催化剂具有较好的稳定性与耐用性.     

基于AHP-TOPSIS的装备保障信息定量评价研究

首先,根据装备保障信息评价的原则,利用层次分析法(AHP)构建装备保障信息评价的层次结构模型,确定指标的权重系数。然后,将多目标决策中的逼近理想解法应用到以矩阵为元素的空间中,按照与最小理想点的相对接近度对装备保障信息作出综合评价。最后,通过对装备保障信息实例进行量化计算,检验模型的有效性。     

环境管理决策支持系统的研究

环境管理决策支持系统是实现环境管理科学化和现代化的重要手段。通过对决策支持系统的论述,提出了便于ＥＤＳＳ实现的新的决策支持系统的结构图。给出了环境管理决策支持系统的严格定义,组织内容,系统组织方法,各部分的接口方法及系统实现中需注意的问题。