Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

微波活化制备麻疯树果壳活性炭研究

实验采用微波法制备麻疯树果壳活性炭,以磷酸为活化剂,在800W固定微波功率下,辐照时间和活化剂的浓度是主要影响因素。最佳条件为辐照时间8min,磷酸浓度40%。最佳条件下制得的果壳炭碘值达704.4mg/g。测得该果壳炭比表面积为651.6m2/g,总孔容达0.49mL/g,孔结构以1～10nm孔径为主,达到商业活性炭的标准。表面官能团以含O官能团和含C官能团为主,其中C-C类和C-O类官能团含量较高。     

海南岛地表水的区域地球化学特征及其影响因素

始于2004年的海南岛多目标生态地球化学调查,对全岛的地表水进行了区域调查取样,分析测试了24项指标(部分样品增加测试12项)。测试结果表明,大多数指标优于国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中III类水体水质标准,只有Hg和总氮存在区域性的超Ⅲ类水体水质。经对样品的聚类分析研究表明,全岛地表水样品主要分为4类,分别反映了地表植被、海水入侵、灌溉水田排水、矿山废水排放对地表水化学成分的控制作用。在此认识的基础上,依地表水样品所处的土地利用方式的不同,按一定顺序对样品进行编号赋值(沿海的土地视为"海洋利用方式"),该赋值与聚类分析所得到的样品类别值之间存在极显著的正相关性,相关系数达0.8280,表明海南岛的土地利用方式是控制地表水地球化学特征的关键因素,从而为海南岛地表水环境质量的保护和提高指出了方向。     

Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbe and North Sea, Germany

The distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the dissolved and particulate phase and their discharge from the river Elbe into the North Sea were studied. The PFCs quantified included C₄-C₈ perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), C₆ and C₈ perfluorinated sulfinates (PFSiAs), C₄-C₁₂ perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoro-3,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid (3,7m₂-PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and n-ethyl perfluroctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE). PFCs were mostly distributed in the dissolved phase, where perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated with 2.9–12.5 ng/L. In the suspended particulate matter FOSA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed the highest concentrations (4.0 ng/L and 2.3 ng/L, respectively). The total flux of ΣPFCs from the river Elbe was estimated to be 802 kg/year for the dissolved phase and 152 kg/year for the particulate phase. This indicates that the river Elbe acts as a source of PFCs into the North Sea. However, the concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in the North Sea were higher than that in the river Elbe, thus an alternative source must exist for these compounds.     

某校区路面径流污染特性和控制措施的研究

以某校区的水体（A水库、B湖）为受纳水体,对降雨产生的路面径流及A水库和B湖水体进行采样,水质分析项目分别为pH、COD（化学需氧量）、SS（悬浮物）、TN（总氮）、TP（总磷）。以COD、SS作为主要的水质分析项目进行比较分析,确定路面降雨径流污染的主要特征,径流污染对校园水库、湖泊水质的影响。经过比较分析,提出采用植被控制法作为该校区路面径流污染控制措施对受纳水体进行保护。     

地表水水质模型概述

近些年来,我国水环境问题日益凸显,借助水质模型对水污染问题进行研究,并为相关管理和规划提供技术支持已经成为水环境研究的热点。本文阐述了地表水水质模型的概念、发展以及分类,介绍了几种当前比较成熟的地表水水质模型,并对地表水水质模型的未来发展做了展望。     

响应面方法优化光催化降解抗生素类污染物过程研究

近年来抗生素类污染物对环境的影响及其生态毒性日益引起广大研究者的关注。对TiO2光催化降解典型抗生素类污染物磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMT）进行了研究。采用中心组合设计方法（CCD）进行试验设计,使用响应面方法（RSM）对光催化过程中的影响因素（TiO2浓度、初始磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度、双氧水浓度）进行了探讨和分析,并对反应过程进行了优化。优化结果表明,最佳反应条件为：TiO2浓度1.74 g/L、初始磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度20.0 mg/L、双氧水浓度106.28 mg/L,在优化条件下的磺胺二甲嘧啶光催化实际去除率为83.6%。响应面方法能够优化光催化条件,预测光催化结果,有利于优化光反应器的设计,对于工程化光催化水处理技术的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

广州市生活饮用水地表水源地微量元素调查

对广州市秀全、巴江、江村、石门、西村、刘屋洲、南洲和沙湾等主要生活饮用水地表水源地中钼、钴、铍、硼、锑、镍、钒、钛、锡、银和钡等微量元素含量水平进行了调查,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对微量元素水质进行了评价。结果表明,硼和锡在所有地表水源地均未检出,铍在部分地表水源地有检出,其他检测项目在所有地表水源地均有检出。整体而言,微量元素含量水平不高,地表水源地由北往南微量元素内梅罗指数呈逐渐降低态势,南部水源地水质优于北部水源地。巴江和西部水源地镍含量相对较高,电镀企业排污监管力度有待进一步加强。     

丰水期地表河流水中泥沙沉降时间对总磷样品测定结果的影响分析

地表河流水中总磷含量高低是评定水质优劣的一项重要指标,分析数据表明丰水期中总磷主要来源于泥沙中吸附的有机磷和无机磷;水样中总磷含量随着泥沙沉降时间的延长而逐渐降低。因此样品采集回来后,样品的泥沙沉降时间是影响地表河流中总磷测定结果的一个主要原因。     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater e uent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.