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931.
The experimental design methodology was applied for modeling and optimizing the operation parameters on photocatalytic
degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) using TiO2 as photocatalyst in a photoreactor. Three experimental parameters (including pH,
TiO2 concentration and CAP initial concentration) were adopted to obtain the preliminary information. The multivariate experimental
design was employed to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the degradation rate of CAP and three
experimental parameters. The interaction e ects and optimal parameters were obtained by using Design Expert software. The optimal
values of the operation parameters under the related constraint conditions were found at pH 6.4, TiO2 concentration of 0.94 g/L and
CAP initial concentration of 19.97 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of CAP approached 85.97% under optimal conditions.
The regression analysis with R2 value of 0.9519 had a good agreement between the experimental results and the predictive values. In
addition, pH and TiO2 concentration had a significant influence on the degradation rate of CAP. 相似文献
932.
根据保山市37个水质监测站的实测资料,分析了保山市地表水水化学基本特征及时空分布规律,得出了保山市地袁水各级矿化度、总硬度和各类水化学类型分布情况及所占比例,分别对市内三大干流地表水水化学特征进行了分析,并对成果的合理性进行了讨论。 相似文献
933.
DDTs在海河干流市区段沉积物/水间迁移行为研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
于2007年8月~2008年3月对海河干流表层水和沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)污染状况进行了采样调查.结果表明,海河干流水体DDTs含量为6.88~78.82 ng/L(均值28.54 ng/L),表层沉积物中DDTs含量为5.82~45.5 ng/g(均值21.55 ng/g),表层水和表层沉积物中DDTs主要成分分别为p,p-′DDT和p,p-′DDE.利用稳态非平衡逸度模型计算了p,p-′DDT在海河干流沉积物/水间迁移和分布,模型结果用现场实测浓度进行验证,计算值与实测值吻合很好.模型参数灵敏度分析进一步表明,生物降解速率常数、污染物在悬浮颗粒物/水间分配系数以及水体颗粒物沉降通量是影响p,p-′DDT在沉积物/水间迁移过程的主要因素. 相似文献
934.
The fractal dimensions in di erent topological spaces of polyferric chloride-humic acid (PFC-HA) flocs, formed in flocculating
di erent kinds of humic acids (HA) water at di erent initial pH (9.0, 7.0, 5.0) and PFC dosages, were calculated by e ective densitymaximum
diameter, image analysis, and N2 absorption-desorption methods, respectively. The mass fractal dimensions (Df) of PFC-HA
flocs were calculated by bi-logarithm relation of e ective density with maximum diameter and Logan empirical equation. The Df value
was more than 2.0 at initial pH of 7.0, which was 11% and 13% higher than those at pH 9.0 and 5.0, respecively, indicating the most
compact flocs formed in flocculated HA water at initial pH of 7.0. The image analysis for those flocs indicates that after flocculating
the HA water at initial pH greater than 7.0 with PFC flocculant, the fractal dimensions of D2 (logA vs. logdL) and D3 (logVsphere vs.
logdL) of PFC-HA flocs decreased with the increase of PFC dosages, and PFC-HA flocs showed a gradually looser structure. At the
optimum dosage of PFC, the D2 (logA vs. logdL) values of the flocs show 14%–43% di erence with their corresponding Df, and they
even had di erent tendency with the change of initial pH values. However, the D2 values of the flocs formed at three di erent initial pH
in HA solution had a same tendency with the corresponding Df. Based on fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) adsorption and desorption
equations, the pore surface fractal dimensions (Ds) for dried powders of PFC-HA flocs formed in HA water with initial pH 9.0 and 7.0
were all close to 2.9421, and the Ds values of flocs formed at initial pH 5.0 were less than 2.3746. It indicated that the pore surface
fractal dimensions of PFC-HA flocs dried powder mainly show the irregularity from the mesopore-size distribution and marcopore-size
distribution. 相似文献
935.
飞灰/石灰吸着剂制备及其脱硫脱硝性能的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以飞灰和石灰为原料,采用常压水合、蒸汽水合、加压水合三种水合方式制备干法脱硫脱硝吸着剂,并探讨了吸着剂表面及孔结构特性对脱硫脱硝性能的影响。研究了制备条件如:飞灰/石灰比、水合温度、压力等因素对吸着剂表面及孔结构特性及其脱硫脱硝性能的影响。结果表明,以飞灰和石灰水合制得的吸着剂的比表面积和孔体积均远大于原料石灰或飞灰的比表面积和孔体积。水合制得的飞灰/石灰吸着剂比表面积最大可达97.55m2/g,孔隙体积更是较两种原料增大了10~100倍;水合法制备飞灰/石灰吸着剂时,飞灰/石灰比对吸着剂的表面及孔结构特性影响最大,在飞灰/石灰比为1/1时,制得的吸着剂的脱硫脱硝性能较优;水合制备的飞灰/石灰吸着剂,比表面积40m2/g以上,且孔径在250~270A觷时,表现出具有较高的脱硫脱硝活性。 相似文献
936.
为了对渗流状态进行预测预报,从而预防渗透破坏事故的发生,基于地下水位上升、不同尾矿砂粒径以及渗流速度诱发的弹性波信号,采用声发射技术对尾矿砂介质的渗流状态进行监测。由800,1 100,1 400 mm 3种不同水头高度(流速)下的水流分别渗入0.1~0.25,0.25~0.5,0.5~1 mm以及混合粒径的尾矿砂介质中,模拟尾矿坝渗流,监测渗流过程的AE信号,分析液面上升、不同粒径尾矿砂颗粒以及不同流速下的渗流AE信号特征。结果表明:在试验所选用的几组粒径中,流速相同时,粒径较大的尾矿砂渗流产生的AE事件数量多、幅值大,即粒径越大,尾矿砂渗流过程的AE信号越强;同一粒径下,流速越小,渗流产生的AE信号幅值越小,AE事件数越少,即流速越小,尾矿砂渗流过程的AE信号越弱;液面上升过程中,在液面位置处产生的AE信号最强,且AE信号随液面位置与传感器距离而变化,越接近传感器AE信号越强,这表明AE技术能够较为准确地监测渗流过程中液面上升。研究结果可为尾矿坝渗流监测提供理论与技术支持。 相似文献
937.
为研究不同类型表面活性剂对煤润湿性的调控机理,首先将所选煤样的润湿性与煤样成分进行关联分析,然后采用透过高度法实验及量子化学计算相结合的方法研究表面活性剂对煤样润湿性的影响效果及机理。结果表明:煤的润湿性与煤中固有水分、灰分呈正相关关系,与煤中固定碳呈负相关关系;所选取的4种表面活性剂的加入会降低褐煤的亲水性,而对长焰煤、焦煤和无烟煤亲水性有提升作用,并且十二烷基硫酸钠对于这3种煤样亲水性的提升作用最为明显;表面活性剂分子、水分子及煤分子的表面静电势分布共同决定了表面活性剂对煤浸润性的影响。 相似文献
938.
Improvement of antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor
of polypropylene microporous membrane by the
adsorption of Tween 20 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes(PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FE- SEM)were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces.Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured.The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes.To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor(MBR),filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater.With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d,the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied. 相似文献
939.
In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect. 相似文献
940.
The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load (e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road), with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M(V) curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas (e.g. woodland, animal ground yard), whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces (e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road). 相似文献