大庆地区土壤环境放射性本底及现状水平调查与评价

人工放射源在石油勘探、开采等方面得到广泛应用，放射性核素可通过多种途径污染土壤环境。大庆油田有13个单位应用放射性物质（非密封源或密封源）。为了对大庆油田地区的土壤放射性状况进行较全面的调查，因此对土壤放射性本底、现状水平及放射源周围土壤放射性强度进行了监测，采集样品200多个，总α的测定采用饱和厚度法，总β的测定采用有效厚度法，监测结果说明原油开采应用放射性物质对土壤环境未造成不良影响。     

沿固体木板面火蔓延状况的影像测量方法研究

本文就火在固体木板面蔓延的影像测量方法进行了研究，提出了利用彩色序列影像进行固体木板表面火蔓延状况测量的新方法，通过对垂直木板面和倾斜木板面火蔓延的实际测量试验，验证了该方法的有效性。     

THE RESTON (VIRGINIA) LAKE-USE SURVEY: PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: A public attitude survey was developed by a citizen committee and mailed to all residences (14,747) in the planned, suburban community of Reston, Virginia, which is responsible for maintaining four small, recreational impoundments. Over 18 percent of survey forms were returned, and characteristics of the survey sample suggest that the suite of respondents was representative of the Reston community as a whole. Of those respondents indicating a preferred lake use, 48 percent chose walking or looking as most important; boating as second at 27 percent; and fishing was third, favored by only 8 percent. Citizens feel strongly (94 percent) that the lakes are valuable community assets. Appearance was the characteristic most valued by 62 percent of respondents, and 58 percent considered degradation of water quality either the first or second most important ecological issue affecting local lakes. These findings provide a decisive public mandate for lake management activities related to visual quality. In response to this survey, the Reston Association, a homeowners' organization responsible for the lakes, increased public access of visual enjoyment, intensified litter control, expanded activities in public education on lake management and ecology, and continued a long-term program of water quality monitoring.     

ASSESSING THE DIRECT EFFECTS OF STREAMFLOW ON RECREATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: A variety of methods have been used to learn about the relation between streamfiow and recreation quality. Regardless of method, nearly all studies found a similar nonlinear relation of recreation to flow, with quality increasing with flow to a point, and then decreasing for further increases in flow. Points of minimum, optimum, and maximum flow differ across rivers and activities. Knowledge of the effects of streamflow on recreation, for the variety of relevant activities and skill levels, is an important ingredient in the determination of wise streamflow policies.     

ENVIRONMENTAL THRESHOLD FUNCTIONS FOR USER ORIENTED RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Managers of water related outdoor recreation resources want to provide facilities and recreational opportunities of high quality that are attractive to recreationists. The reported research develops a relevant site quality assessment and measurement procedure called environmental threshold modeling. This modeling procedure is based upon the idea that individuals (i.e., recreationists) have specific, identifiable evaluative criteria which can be expressed as a mathematical function of various site characteristics. The function of interest is called a threshold function because it separates acceptable recreational settings from unacceptable settings. Individual specific threshold functions can be easily aggregated to form a population specific threshold function that estimates the proportion of a population that would find the recreational setting acceptable for some specific activity. Presented in this paper are illustrative calibration results based upon survey data collected from recreational canoeists using the Pine River in Michigan's Manistee National Forest.     

PERCEPTION OF WATER QUALITY BY SELECT RESPONDENT GROUPINGS IN INLAND WATER-BASED RECREATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines four lake environments which are paired by lake size and by trophic state, where trophic state is employed as an identifier of water quality. Two large lakes and two intermediate-sized lakes, with each pair having one oligotrophic lake and one eutrophic lake are selected for cross-sectional survey-oriented questionnaire research. This paper focuses upon one aspect of the research, namely, the perception of water quality by three user groups. The user groups examined are recreationists, cottage and homeowners, and fishermen. The groups are compared utilizing percentage response profiles and cluster level groupings. It appears from a preliminary analysis of the data that the lakes selected are viable trophic state endpoints for questionnaire analysis of respondents. Each user group surveyed does appear sensitive to select water quality parameters; where shifts in sensitivity appear within and between user groups with changes in ecological settings, as well as with factors independent of ecological settings.     

斜率差信息法在震情分析研究中的应用

利用斜率差信息法对唐山地区准连续型大地形变资料进行了前兆信息的提取,对形变资料进行了全时域扫描,并进行了多种方案的对比筛选。对首都圈、尤其是唐山附近的5级以上地震与异常的对应关系进行了统计。由于地震活动存在阶段性差异,优化筛选方案后进行了分段扫描,取唐山附近3级以上小震进行对比分析,并对其统计结果进行了R值评分,在97.5％的置信水平下,通过了检验。研究结果表明,地震活动的强弱存在明显的阶段性特征,而斜率差异常信息与该区域中小地震的对应关系也存在阶段性特征。     

起重机运行自动纠偏及治理啃道系统开发

起重机大车运行啃道是一个普遍现象，它给企业造成相当大的经济损失。提出用位移传感器测量出起重机车架相对于轨道的偏斜，用此伯斜量作为控制信号，通过变频器调整两边驱动电动机的转速，从而自动地修正车架的伯斜，并加强车架的水平刚性，使啃道现象得以基本消除。作者将此设想已用于起重机模型的实际运行中，取得了良好的效果。     

Kerbside collection: A case study from the north-west of England

It is widely agreed that public support is vital to the success of most recycling schemes; the actions of householders are paramount to the success of sustainable waste policies. However, the success of recycling schemes is not just dependent on public participation; it is also dependent on careful planning, effective design and tailoring to local needs.This study has evaluated a kerbside recycling scheme in the north-west of England by comparing the recycling performance of those on alternate collections of residual waste and recyclates with those on weekly residual collections and fortnightly recyclate collections. Three data collection methodologies were adopted: postal questionnaires, set-out rate monitoring, and personal interviews with policy writers.The results demonstrated that alternate collections produce higher recycling set-out rates, suggesting that alternate collections will also generate higher recycling rates. The research showed that if designed and complemented by other services, then an alternate collection system is a realistic waste management approach. However, the local authority and the public appear to use different indicators of success for the scheme. The local authority uses governmental performance indicators (such as best value performance indicators—BVPIs) to measure success, whereas the public's indicators of success tend to focus more on issues such as required changes to established behaviours, convenience and personal preferences.A key recommendation from this study is that all local authorities should carry out local opinion surveys on an annual basis to supplement the BVPIs required by statute. This should help them to fill the information gaps in order to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date and user-responsive waste management service to the public.     

基于典型线路地质灾害调查成果进行地质灾害区划评价的研究

根据影响区域地质灾害发生的地质因素、地形因素、诱发因素和人为因素,在工作区上选取典型线路开展地质灾害发生发育状况调查,根据调查成果总结规律,提取影响因子,建立区域地质灾害评价指标体系,对典型线路穿越的评价试验区进行地质灾害区域评价,验证线路成果应用于区域地质灾害评价的可行性,对于调查人员无法涉足、遥感技术难以应用的地区的地质灾害的评价工作有重要价值。