EVALUATION OF LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING (LIDAR) FOR MEASURING RIVER CORRIDOR TOPOGRAPHY1

ABSTRACT: LIDAR is relatively new in the commercial market for remote sensing of topography and it is difficult to find objective reporting on the accuracy of LIDAR measurements in an applied context. Accuracy specifications for LIDAR data in published evaluations range from 1 to 2 m root mean square error (RMSEx,y) and 15 to 20 cm RMSEz. Most of these estimates are based on measurements over relatively flat, homogeneous terrain. This study evaluated the accuracy of one LIDAR data set over a range of terrain types in a western river corridor. Elevation errors based on measurements over all terrain types were larger (RMSEz equals 43 cm) than values typically reported. This result is largely attributable to horizontal positioning limitations (1 to 2 m RMSEx,y) in areas with variable terrain and large topographic relief. Cross‐sectional profiles indicated algorithms that were effective for removing vegetation in relatively flat terrain were less effective near the active channel where dense vegetation was found in a narrow band along a low terrace. LIDAR provides relatively accurate data at densities (50,000 to 100,000 points per km²) not feasible with other survey technologies. Other options for projects requiring higher accuracy include low‐altitude aerial photography and intensive ground surveying.     

大射电望远镜在贵州喀斯特地区的选址方法

一平方公里阵大射电望远镜SKA是世界多国投资、我国争建的国际合作项目。500 m口径球面射电望远镜(简称FAST)是SKA在中国的一项先导工程。SKA可以利用贵州喀斯特洼地作为主反射面支撑条件及候选台址,并在贵州全省建造由40余个单元天线组成的射电望远镜阵。本文结合大射电望远镜SKA对候选台址的要求,在合理确定台址优选影响因素的基础上,系统阐述大射电望远镜在贵州喀斯特地区的选址方法,并对选址中的关键问题做简单说明。     

测量机器人在地壳形变监测中的应用

本文介绍了以全自动化全站仪（Leica TCA2003）为基础组成的新型地震形变监测系统。并分别从仪器的功能、精度以及与原有测量模式相比其效率、精度、和代替原来测量模式可行性方面作了介绍。为地震系统新仪器的引入提供一个参考。     

数字化测图与环境的关系

随着测绘科学技术的发展,数字化测图已替代了原有白纸测图,它既降低了成本又保护了环境。环境保护是一项利国利民的大事,在各个行业都应该重视它从小事做起从点滴做起。本文从数字化测图工作的外业、内业以及测量成果表现形式上,对数字化测图的特点进行了分析;分析了数字化测图质量评价的内容和特点;结合数字化测图的工作实践,对数字化测图工作提出了几点有益的认识。