马铃薯渣固态发酵产复合酶的条件研究

以马铃薯淀粉生产中产牛的废渣为主要原料,黑曲霉为发酵菌种,采用固体发酵方法,通过单因素实验,研究了马铃薯渣初始含水量、碳源、氮源、接种量等不同因素对产酶的影响,确定了马铃薯渣发酵产生复合酶的最佳条件为:马铃薯渣初始含水量为50%,马铃薯渣:麸皮=6:4,硫酸铵添加量2.0%,接种量为5%,发酵时间3 d.在优化条件下,...     

利用马铃薯淀粉废水处理沉淀物制备高吸水性树脂的研究

利用凹凸棒和膨润土混合黏土处理马铃薯淀粉废水,COD去除率可达52.8%,然后以马铃薯淀粉废水处理沉淀物为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法合成高吸水性树脂,研究了中和度、沉淀物量、交联剂量、引发剂量等因素对吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响。实验结果表明:当中和度50%、处理沉淀物8 g、交联剂0.015 g、引发剂0.15 g时,吸蒸馏水倍率可达793 g/g,吸自来水倍率可达227 g/g。     

鲜甘薯发酵生产燃料乙醇中的降粘工艺

鲜甘薯高浓度发酵生产燃料乙醇的瓶颈之一是醪液粘度高,容易堵塞管路,严重影响工业化生产和增加能源消耗,同时也会降低乙醇发酵效率.为解决此问题,进行了添加降粘酶系及其作用条件优化研究,结果如下:1)确定最适降粘酶系为四川禾本生物工程有限公司的纤维素酶,粘度由1.7×104mPa.s降到8.8×102mPa.s,并且降低了生产成本;2)确定降粘酶作用前高温处理条件:110℃,20 min;3)最适降粘酶对不同品种鲜甘薯高浓度发酵的降粘效果表明降粘酶对大部分品种鲜甘薯降粘效果较好,粘度均约为1.0×103mPa.s以下,最低粘度只有2.7×102mPa.s,粘度下降率均在95%以上;4)在确定最适降粘酶系和其作用前高温条件后,将其应用于工业化生产,加入降粘酶2 h后发酵醪液的粘度由1.8×105mPa.s下降到2.7×103mPa.s,发酵后终粘度仅为7.9×102mPa.s,发酵时间仅为23 h,乙醇浓度达到10.56%(V/V),进一步验证了该降粘酶系应用于工业化鲜甘薯燃料乙醇生产的实际意义.表8参19     

甜椒穴盘苗对不同程度水分胁迫-复水的生理生化响应

对温室甜椒穴盘苗进行水分处理,探讨了不同程度水分胁迫-复水过程中叶片生理生化特性的变化.叶片相对含水量(RWC)、渗透势随基质水分减少而降低,渗调能力逐步增强.POD、SOD、CAT酶活性随水分减少而上升,SOD对水分胁迫最敏感,复水后主要由POD、CAT负责清除H2O2和过氧化物.游离氨基酸、脯氨酸随基质水分减少急剧上升,复水后大幅下降,可能为水分胁迫下主要渗透调节物质.水分胁迫下,甜椒叶片可溶性蛋白主要降解为氨基酸的形式参与渗透调节.RWC降至45%(停水后d3)时,可溶性糖显著积累,但明显晚于氨基酸,但它基础含量高,主要在较为严重的水分胁迫时发挥作用.尽管水分胁迫使保护酶活性和渗透调节能力均提高,但任何程度的胁迫均不可避免伤害幼苗.穴盘苗生产中,建议“水分胁迫锻炼”时间以不超过3d逐步达到RWC≥45%为宜.图4表2参12     

Soil loss due to harvesting of various crop types in contrasting agro-ecological environments

Soil erosion studies on cropland usually only consider water, wind and tillage erosion. However, significant amounts of soil are also lost from the field during the harvest of crops such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.), cassava (Manihot spp.) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). During the harvest soil adhering to the crop, loose soil or soil clods and rock fragments are exported from the field together with these crops.This soil erosion process is referred to as ‘soil losses due to crop harvesting’ (SLCH). Most of the studies investigated SLCH variability and its controlling factors for one crop type in similar agro-ecological environments and for comparable harvesting techniques. In this study, a compilation of SLCH studies was made in order to investigate the effect of crop type, agricultural systems, ecological conditions and harvesting technique on SLCH variability. SLCH rates ranged from few to tens of Mg ha⁻¹ harvest⁻¹ and SLCH was highly variable both in space and time. Comparison of four studies on SLCH for sugar beet revealed that harvesting technique and soil moisture content at harvesting time can be equally important for SLCH variability. The occurrence of soil clods harvested with the crop explained why SLCH was significantly larger for mechanically harvested potato in Belgium compared to manually harvested potato in China. SLCH values for manually harvested sugar beet, potato, cassava and sweet potato in China and Uganda were in general smaller than SLCH values for mechanically harvested sugar beet, potato and witloof chicory roots measured in Belgium and France. However, SLCH may also vary significantly within Europe due to differences in harvesting techniques. Soil moisture content at harvesting time was besides harvesting technique one of the key factors controlling SLCH variability. There were no systematic differences in SLCH between crop types, although the soil–crop contact area–crop mass ratio could explain more than 40% of the means from several SLCH studies.     

复合微生物絮凝处理红薯淀粉废水的研究

利用胶质芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母能利用水溶性淀粉和蛋白质的特性,直接用红薯淀粉废水培养,并用它们产生的絮凝作用处理红薯淀粉废水。结果表明,在适量氯化钙助絮凝作用下,仅以2.5%的絮凝菌液,在pH值9.5的条件下,絮凝率高达97%,红薯淀粉废水的COD去除率达到65%,pH值8.0左右。经复合微生物絮凝剂处理得到的沉淀物是富含蛋白质的营养物质,干燥后可以制备成高级饲料。     

薯类酒精醪液综合治理工程技术经济分析

在充分调查目前薯类酒精醪液治理工程的基础上，结合多年的实际工作经验和研究成果，提出了薯类酒精醪液治理达标排放的基本工艺流程，并对该基本流程的主要设计环节进行了技术经济分析。     

超滤技术在马铃薯淀粉排放废水中的应用初探

超滤技术在马铃薯淀粉排放废水中的应用初探丛培君袁彦肖王淑兰孙鹤王榕树（天津大学化工系，３０００７２）关键词超滤膜；马铃薯淀粉；排放废水；蛋白质；ＣＯＤ值．马铃薯是生产淀粉的主要原料之一．在淀粉生产过程中需用大量的水，而马铃薯所含的部分有机物、无机物都...     

转修饰豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(sck)抗虫甜椒植株的获得

以12－14d苗龄的甜椒带柄子叶为外植体，经根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）介导，将修饰的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因（sck）导入甜椒杂交种“中椒5号”和常规种“茄门”中，在对甜椒转化系统和芽丛诱导茎伸长的条件进行优化研究后，获得了卡那霉素抗性植株，最高转化率为16．7％，卡那霉素抗性筛选、PCR检测和Southern blot杂交均证实，nptⅡ基因和sck基因整合进甜椒基因组中，室内离体叶片饲虫和田间自然抗虫性鉴定进一步证明，转基因植株对铃虫（Heliothis armigera Hubner）具有一定抗性。     

长期继代培养马铃薯愈伤组织的植株再生

对影响马铃薯愈伤组织发生、生长和长期继代培养的愈伤组织再生植株的几种因素进行了研究。马铃薯茎段的愈伤组织发生频率高于叶片的愈伤组织发生频率。Ｄｉｃａｍｂａ诱导茎段和叶片的愈伤组织发生频率在９０％以上；而２，４－Ｄ的诱导效果不佳并诱发外植体生根。再生培养其中加入０．５ｇ／Ｌ的酶解酷蛋白是必需的；蔗糖的浓度以２％－４％为宜；附加ＺＴ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＧＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ可使长期继代的愈伤组织的植株再生频率