The Effect of Military Training Activity on Eastern Lupine and the Karner Blue Butterfly at Fort McCoy,Wisconsin, USA

The US Department of Defense (DOD) manages over 10.1 million ha of land, much of which is used for training military personnel. However, vast sections receive little or no use, and military lands have become refuges for many species. At Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA, populations of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) are found in oak and pine barren communities where wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), a perennial forb required by Karner blue butterfly larvae, still occurs. Oak and pine barren communities are disturbance-dependent, and the barrens ecosystems in the Midwest have declined in extent by 98% because of fire suppression, succession, and habitat fragmentation. We studied the effects of disturbance by military manuever training on the density of lupine and Karner blue butterfly at Fort McCoy. We also wanted to determine whether military training activity could enhance Karner blue butterfly habitat. At locations where tracked vehicles had driven through lupine patches, the abundance of lupine and nectar-producing plants was greater in the median strip between vehicle ruts than in vehicle ruts or 5 m outside the vehicle ruts. The proportion of lupine stems with Karner blue butterfly larvae feeding sign (the ratio of stems fed upon to stems examined) was greater in areas where military vehicles had traveled than where they had not. The proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign and lupine stem density was also positively related to the occurrence of prior bivouacs and fires caused by military munitions. Shrub and forest canopy abundance were lower in areas traveled by tracked vehicles. At the scale of the lupine patch, lupine abundance and the proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign were positively correlated with military training activities, suggesting that maintenance of lupine habitat can be achieved in concert with military training.     

基于遗传神经网络模型的大气环境质量评价方法

设计了用遗传算法训练神经网络权重的新方法，实验结果显示了遗传算法快速学习网络权重和全局搜索的能力，有效地解决了BP算法的局部收敛问题。误差反向传播的遗传——神经网络(GA—BP)模型用于大气环境质量综合评价，具有简便、准确、客观和适应性强等优点。     

21世纪安全类专业专科培养目标与模式

安全类专业高等教育是培养安全人才的主要途径，对安全类专业人才的需求进行了简要的分析，以安全类专生高等教育体系的现状分析为基础指出。应重视该类专业的专科层次教育，并从当前的具体情况出发，探讨安全类专业专科层次的教育模式。     

主要发达国家职业安全培训与社会保障体系的构成对构建我国职业安全培训体系的启迪

美、日及西欧一些发达国家 ,把安全培训教育提到了十分重要的地位。经过半个世纪不断完善 ,先后都建立了一整套具有各自特点的安全培训体系。对构建我国职业安全培训体系会有很多借鉴和启示。     

21世纪安全专业应用型人才的培养思路与模式

高等院校对人才的培养模式取决于社会对该类人才的需求和高校在其中应起的作用等因素。笔者在对市场作广泛调查的基础上重点论述 :2 1世纪安全工程专业培养的学生应当是应用型的 ,而应用型人才的培养既要考虑到其应用需求 ,更要考虑到学科的发展和教育人才的去向。以此为目的 ,笔者提出了 2 1世纪安全专业应用型人才的培养思路与模式 ,其中 ,多层次、全方位的办学方向、实践型的办学手段、开放型的办学形式分别是该模式的前提、基础与关键。还分析了通过上述途径实现“模式”的具体做法和努力方向     

连续流培养好氧颗粒污泥研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)因其沉降性能好,生物量高,抗冲击能力强等优点而受到青睐.相比于传统的序批式反应器(SBR),连续流AGS技术具有易于操作控制以及匹配实际污水厂的大水量,连续流的优势,因而更具有研究价值和应用潜力.通过文献分析和整理,归纳了连续流AGS技术面临的挑战,总结了连续流培养AGS的研究现状和经验教训,并对...     

The combined effects of on-road and simulator training with feedback on older drivers' on-road performance: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Objective: A number of training programs that seek to improve driving performance among older drivers are available accompanied by a growing interest in their effectiveness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the combined effect of (1) basic in-class training (BT); (2) on-road training with individualized feedback (OR); and (3) training on a driving simulator (S).

Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial study design, 78 older drivers were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (BT, BT + OR, or BT + OR + S). All participants completed a pre- and postintervention on-road driving evaluation on a standardized route. The driving evaluations were recorded using video and Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and were scored by a blind assessor.

Results: The results indicated a significant reduction of approximately 30% in overall number of driving errors/omissions among participants in the BT + OR and the BT + OR + S groups in comparison to participants in the BT group.

Conclusions: This study adds to the mounting evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of individualized driver training in improving safe driving among older adults.     

基于结构方程模型的地铁乘客安全行为影响因素分析

为了研究地铁乘客安全行为的影响因素,通过对北京、上海、广州、深圳等城市的地铁乘客的多项安全指标的抽样调查,建立了关于乘客安全行为的结构方程模型,研究了影响地铁乘客安全行为的主要因素。结果表明:良好的地铁安全氛围能有效提高乘客的安全知识水平、安全动机、安全心理水平、安全参与行为水平;安全参与行为水平同时受到乘客安全知识水平和乘客接受安全培训状况的影响,其中,乘客安全知识水平的高低取决于乘客接受安全培训状况;安全服从行为则与安全动机存在较强的正相关关系;乘客的安全心理水平只跟地铁安全氛围有关,安全氛围越好,乘客安全心理水平越高,安全知识作为中介变量同时影响着安全氛围与安全参与行为、安全培训与安全参与行为、安全氛围与安全动机以及安全培训与安全动机之间的关系,提高乘客安全知识水平是提高乘客安全行为水平的重要途径。     

国内外企业安全培训调查及模式的探讨

分析了国际劳工组织、日本和德国企业"双元制"培训模式的基本要点和我国"系统型"、"过渡型"、"组合型"、"发展型"、"顾问型"、"索罗门型"和"螺旋型"企业培训模式的基本要点;以国内大型、中型和小型企业为对象,对2007年和2008年的调查数据进行统计分析,根据"企业"与"个人"对安全培训的响应,揭示了不同企业当前的安全培训现状。结果表明:企业安全培训在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,逐步趋于规模化、规范化,形成了安全知识结构、安全综合能力、安全管理技能、事故应急救援等方面的复合培训模式;实现了高层次管理人员对安全培训的认同达95%以上,员工对安全培训的认同达89%以上;使员工的安全意识、安全价值观、工作态度和工作技能得以提升,其在工作岗位上的表现达到安全要求,并为企业创造更多的效益。同时笔者还对当前我国企业安全培训工作存在的问题提出了改进意见,对今后各类企业安全培训具有参考价值和借鉴作用。     

基于BP神经网络的非煤地下矿山安全评价模型

针对非煤地下矿山安全评价的复杂性和非线性特性,BP神经网络对非线性动态系统较强的适应性,提出并建立了一种基于BP神经网络的非煤地下矿山安全评价模型。为提高该模型的可靠性,结合非煤地下矿山生产工艺特点,提出了一套便于统计和赋值的安全评价指标体系;确定了BP神经网络结构和评价结果表征方法;为提高BP神经网络算法的收敛速度和稳定性,对标准BP算法进行有效改进;通过实例运算验证了该模型的可行性。基于BP神经网络的安全评价模型为评价非煤地下矿山安全管理现状及水平提供了可操作的方法,为矿山有关部门提供了科学安全管理的依据。