生态茶园建设与病虫害综合防治

综述了在茶树病虫害综合防治中生态学原理和农田生态系统科学理论的运用。强调以生态防治，即农业防治和生物防治为主，借助于各种农业技术和现代生物科学手段，在综合防治中尽量少用化学农药，以减少对环境的污染、农药残留及对天敌的伤害，维持茶园生态平衡。     

茶叶中六六六、DDT污染源的研究

本实验采用同位素示踪法和微量化学分析法对茶叶中残留的六六六和DDT的来源进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中少量六六六可通过根系进入叶片,两者浓度呈中度正相关(γ=+0.52),DDT呈弱相关(γ=+0.17),茶园用药构成茶叶污染的可能性很小,在茶园禁用六六六和DDT后,构成茶叶中残留的主要来源不是土壤和茶园用水,而主要是农田用药后六六六和DDT通过空气漂移所造成。人工模拟施药实验证实了上述假设,本文还提出了茶叶中六六六和DDT污染源的模式。     

不同品种茶叶钼含量的测定研究

在硫酸－硫酸钠－苯羟乙酸－氯酸钠体系中，钼可以产生一灵敏的单峰极谱催化波，峰电位为－０．２３Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），线性范围为０．０４￣１００ｎｇ／ｇ，干扰元素极少。本研究首次使用极谱催化波测定茶叶中痕量钼，方法灵敏、准确、简便、选择性好。     

Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tea and Coffee Samples of Mumbai City (India) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

This paper describes a method for quantification of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea and coffee samples of Mumbai City with the help of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detector. This method is based on liquid–liquid extraction followed by clean up with C-18 cartridge. Concentration of total PAHs in different brands of tea and coffee samples varied from 18.79 to 31.37 μg/L and from 16.47 to 18.24 μg/L, respectively. Mean concentration of total PAHs was 27.56 μg/L in tea and 17.20 μg/L in coffee. Recoveries at different concentration levels were higher than 68% in samples of tea and coffee. Detection limit was found to be low (0.0006 ng) for anthracene and highest (0.174 ng) for naphthalene with relative standard deviation between 0.4%–7%.     

Towards a framework for assessing the sustainability of local economic development based on natural resources: honeybush tea in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Despite the popularity of local economic development (LED) as a job creation and economic growth strategy in South Africa, many LED projects have not proved to be sustainable in the long-run, especially where human systems interact with biological ones. This article examines the relationship between sustainability and LED within the context of the emerging honeybush tea industry in the Eastern Cape. Data were gathered from provincial as well as local government policy documents and reports, and via key informant interviews. The data were analysed using Connelly’s [(2007). Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept. Local Environment, 12 (3), 259–278] three pronged approach to sustainable development as a lens through which to view the local industry. Findings showed that the industry offers many opportunities for development, including job creation in poorer, rural households; sustainable wild harvesting using a permit system; commercial cultivation; potential to develop social capital; potential for community-based LED; and product diversification. However, there are also corresponding challenges: There is currently no reliable data on the maximum sustainable yield, which is needed to guide quota allocations for entrepreneurial harvesters harvesting from wild stocks; possible biodiversity loss; and enforcing the permit scheme is proving difficult in remote rural areas.     

生物表面活性剂茶皂素离子浮选去除废水中镉离子

对生物表面活性剂茶皂素作为离子浮选剂去除废水中镉离子的能力进行了研究,对影响去除率和富集比的物理因素(包括溶液初始pH值、C茶皂素CCd2+(摩尔比)、离子强度(NaCl和NaNO3))和动力学参数(包括浮选时间和通气量)进行了考察.C茶皂素CCd2+=2∶1,pH为6.0,通气量为0.15L·min-1时得到了最佳去除效果,去除率达到85.87%,Cd2+的富集比达到19.43;而在C茶皂素CCd2+=2∶1,pH为8.0,通气量0.15L·min-1时,Cd2+去除率达到70.97%,富集比高达32.17.随着溶液离子强度的增强,镉离子去除率和富集比显著降低.泡沫浓缩液中加碱回收Cd2+,回收率为79.62%.     

日照茶树种植区土壤pH值及养分的变化

在GIS支持下,通过对日照市茶树种植区1982年和2003年土壤养分的对比分析,探讨了茶树种植对土壤养分的影响.2003年在研究区采集104个土壤剖面点,对土壤的主要养分进行了分析.在ARCGIS下进行Kriging插值形成各养分分布图,然后对照1982年第2次土壤普查结果进行各养分的差值分析.结果显示,茶树种植20a,土壤全N、有效P、速效K有增加的趋势,且明显高于非茶树种植区.土壤有机质基本不变或略有下降,但茶树种植区高于非种植区.全市土壤pH值有下降趋势,但茶树种植区下降较大,幅度在0.83～1.98之间.     

安溪铁观音茶园垂直剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征

采集了安溪某茶园一条垂直剖面土壤样(深度160 cm,共16个样),用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析测定了其中的稀土元素含量,研究了剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:土壤样品中稀土元素总量范围为165.38~229.91 mg/kg,其平均含量高于中国土壤和世界土壤的平均值;土壤中轻重稀土分馏明显,其稀土元素组成特点表现为轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)亏损,Eu呈负异常,Ce呈正异常;稀土元素的富集因子平均值的分布范围为0.28~1.34,稀土元素均处于无污染或轻微污染。本研究为了解安溪茶园中稀土含量特征提供了基础数据,为现有茶园的治理和后备茶园基地的合理选址提供了科学依据。     

菊花茶中砷含量特征及砷健康风险评价

菊花茶是深受人们喜爱的一种饮品,但其干燥过程及加工工艺不当会造成菊花茶的重金属污染,尤其是和硫磺矿伴生的重金属砷。以市售菊花茶为研究对象,采用硝酸-双氧水消解体系,高压密闭消解系统和原子荧光光谱法分析测定了其中砷(As)含量,对典型超标菊花茶样品进行不同冲泡方式的筛选,确定其适宜的饮用方式,并根据我国绿色代用茶行业标准和WHO砷最大日允许摄入量(ADI)对菊花茶中砷的人体健康风险做出评价。结果表明,菊花茶中砷的含量范围在0.01～3.52mg·kg-1,91.1%的样品符合绿色代用茶的《中华人民共和国农业行业标准》(0.5mg·kg-1),其中砷含量最高的为药用祁菊花达3.52mg·kg-1,所有样品中超标的8个菊花茶样品种类分别为祁白菊(2个),杭白菊(2个),黄山贡菊(1个)和野菊花(1个),怀菊和药用祁菊各1个,75%的超标样品为散装饮品;选择超标的2个典型菊花茶样品(杭白菊和药用祁菊花)进行冲泡方式筛选,得出适宜的饮用方式为:用水茶质量比例为25∶1的开水清洗菊花茶5min,然后用开水冲泡5～20min再饮用。随菊花茶进入人体的最大日摄入量(极限值)为43.7～169μg·d-1,其占ADI(allowable daily intake)的比值范围在34.1%～132%,其中随药用祁菊花进入人体的As最大日摄入量与ADI的比值超过100%,这表明砷经菊花茶饮品摄入人体内所潜在的健康风险不容忽视。砷超标的菊花茶经过冲泡后饮用,砷的人体日摄入量13.1～36.3μg·d-1,其占ADI的比值范围在10.3%～28.4%。因此,经过洗茶后再冲泡饮用,砷的日摄入量显著降低(P<0.01),建议饮用菊花茶时洗1次茶后再冲泡饮用。     

安徽省黄山市茶叶经营现状与开发对策

作为一种经济作物，茶叶是安徽省黄山市的拳头产品和重要经济支柱，是山区人民收入和地方财政收入的重要来源。但近几年的统计数据表明，该市的茶叶生产经营在数量和质量方面，以及内销和出口上发展较缓慢，与其曾经拥有的历史地位明显不相称。分析了该区茶叶的生产经营现状，提出了相应的对策，以期振兴黄山市的茶叶产业。