Physical Effects of New Devices for Bricklayers

Bricklaying is a physically demanding job. Bricklayers frequently flex their trunk to pick up bricks and mortar and position these in a wall. The experienced workload is highest working with bricks at 0 to 50 cm from the floor. In this study the effects of 2 devices that have proven to be feasible in practice are evaluated.

The 50 cm raise due to the 2 devices is experienced as comfortable, the estimated lumbar compression force was reduced, and observations indicate likewise. It is discussed that the field experiments have many drawbacks. Nevertheless, based on this study in combination with other literature the improvements could be recommended.     

建设用地地质灾害危险性评估的初步研究

建设用地地质灾害危险性评估是国家强制执行的工程建设工作程序之一,亦是一项起点高、难度大、操作性强的新型技术工作.本文初步分析了人类工程活动与地质灾害的关系,介绍了我国建设用地地质灾害危险性评估工作的研究现状、意义及存在的主要问题.     

Relationship of safety climate perceptions and job satisfaction among employees in the construction industry: the moderating role of age

This study examines the degree to which construction sector employees perceive that safety is important in their organizations/sites and how job satisfaction affects these perceptions when age is introduced as a moderator variable. Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated that job satisfaction has a strong effect on perceived management commitment to work safety and that this relationship was moderated by respondents’ age. Job satisfaction was associated with perceived accident rate and safety inspection frequency, but the proposed role of age in this linkage was not confirmed. Consequently, the findings indicated that by increasing the level of job satisfaction, perceptions of these safety climate aspects proved to be more positive. The conclusion is that these relationships could further lead to a lower percentage of accidents and injuries in the workplace and better health among employees. A significant relationship between job satisfaction, age and perceived co-workers’ commitment to work safety was not found.     

含地下采空区岩质边坡的施工过程数值分析

为研究含地下采空区的岩质边坡在施工过程中的各种响应与稳定性,采用SURPAC建立某磷矿的三维地质模型。在边坡坡顶、坡角与采空区四周布置应力与位移监测点。利用接口程序将三维模型导入FLAC3D,计算露天边坡开挖过程中监测点的应力与位移。计算结果表明:坡顶与坡角水平位移与竖向反弹位移随着边坡开挖的进行越来越大,但每步开挖完成后新增的反弹位移越来越小,这与每步开挖的卸载量大小有关。坡顶监测点处于拉应力状态,坡角监测点处于压剪应力状态,在监测点所在位置开挖时,压应力显著变大。地下空区的开挖过程对空区的竖向位移与应力有极大影响,最大主应力在每步开挖完成时突然增加,且增幅很大。建议在施工过程中,加强对采空区与边坡坡顶及坡脚的位移与应力的量测,以确保施工安全。     

企业安全生产信息化建设存在的问题及对策

在对我国安全生产信息化建设现状调研的基础上,结合国内外相关资料文献及笔者多年为企业提供安全生产信息化建设解决方案的工作经验,分析了目前我国安全生产信息系统的分类和应用方向,以及企业在安全生产信息化建设过程中存在的问题,如缺乏统一规范和总体规划、投入结构不合理等。针对企业安全生产信息化建设中存在的诸多问题,提出了建设应对措施及建议。对指导企业开展安全生产信息化建设,保证系统科学性、实用性等方面具有重要意义。     

典型进口废物循环利用技术园区投资建设模式研究

随着社会经济的快速发展、资源及原材料需求量的不断增加,以进口废物为原料进行加工利用的循环经济园区也随之蓬勃发展。循环经济产业园区建设过程中有投资巨大、资本回收周期长、投资主体众多的特点。在考虑经济效益的同时,也要统筹考虑社会效益和环境效益,因此选择何种投资建设模式来指导园区建设具有十分重大的意义。本文通过对国内三省的四个园区投资建设模式的调查研究,分析对比了不同投资建设模式的典型特征,总结概括了不同模式之间的优缺点,为同类园区的开发建设提供了有益参考。     

论以市场为主导的生态补偿法律制度

通过对政府补偿模式与市场补偿模式的比较协调来分析生态补偿市场化制度的合理逻辑性,结合浙江生态补偿实践经验及存在的诸如法律位阶不高、补偿形式单一、资金来源狭窄等问题,进一步提出了完善立法、以“造血型”生态补偿为主的补偿方式、拓宽生态补偿资金来源等完善生态补偿市场化的合理建议。     

Monitoring and environmental modeling of earthwork impacts: A road construction case study

This study presents the contributions of materials, earth engineering machines and construction techniques to potential environmental impacts from the main items of typical road earthworks. To achieve this goal, the overall activity at a 1.9-km long French earthworks project site for a heavily trafficked highway was surveyed during its 2007–2009 construction period. Using data collected and a numerical model of road life cycle assessment (LCA), i.e. ECORCE, six indicators could be evaluated, namely: energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone creation, and human chronic toxicity. When available, several life cycle inventories were implemented in order to appraise indicator sensitivity with respect to the considered panel of pollutants. Results also allowed estimating from an LCA point of view: (i) the conservation of both aggregates and soil as induced by quicklime treatment and (ii) the duration necessary for projected traffic levels to offset the potential environmental impacts of the earthworks stage.     

最优安全文明施工措施费费率计取模型的构建与应用

建筑工程建设周期长、施工环境复杂、可变因素多,是一项安全系数低的系统工程,其安全文明施工措施费计取费率的合理性直接影响到建筑安全生产水平。首先建立万人死亡率与安全文明施工措施费基本费率的函数关系,并结合建筑施工安全的社会总成本函数,构建最优安全文明施工措施费费率的非线性计取模型;然后以江苏省安全文明施工措施费为例应用该模型,经过优化后的江苏省措施费的基本费费率为2．33％,现场考评费率为1．28％,奖励费率为0．47％-0．82％;最后得出目前江苏省安全文明施工措施费费率较低,同时也证明该模型是有效可行的。     

生态清淤施工过程对巢湖水质影响的模拟

本研究以巢湖生态清淤为例,在水动力模型的基础上,采用平面二维恒定流和悬浮物扩散数学模型来描述生态清淤施工悬浮物的运动形态和排泥场尾水的影响。结果表明:生态清淤施工悬浮物扩散会给清淤区域内及周边约660 m范围的水体水质造成一定的影响。排泥场尾水排放口下游悬浮物最高浓度约4.8 mg/L,TN浓度最大增量约为0.164 mg/L,TP浓度最大增量约为0.004 mg/L。总体来说,尾水排放的SS、TN、TP对湖区的影响范围不大,其影响程度有限。