浙江舟山北草蜥的野外活动体温及体温调节

在自然条件下测定浙江舟山北草蜥的夏季活动体温和环境温度,在实验室条件下测定其生理体温调节能力和喜好体温,旨在揭示北草蜥的体温调节机制.结果表明野外北草蜥的活动体温显著高于空气温度和基质温度;尽管环境温度存在显著日变异,但活动体温相对恒定.实验室恒温箱内测定的北草蜥体温与环境温度接近在20~30℃范围内,体温与环境温度基本一致;而当环境温度超过该范围,体温与环境温度存在差异,且这种差异随温度的升高或降低而增大.北草蜥的喜好体温平均为30.7℃.以上结果说明,北草蜥生理调温能力较弱,行为热调节是其体温调节的主要方式.图1表1参15     

三江源区草场生态恶化原因新解

上世纪60年代以来三江源区草场“三化”明显,生态恶化,究其原因,既有自然因素的影响,又有人类活动的作用。通过比较分析有测量记录的气温、降雨和年末牲畜存栏数、采金、挖虫草(Cordycepssinensis)规模的变化及其与草原植被覆盖度变化的关系,文章为人为成因说提供了更为翔实可靠的证据。结论:超载是1957—1979年间、采金子和挖虫草是1980—2004年间草场生态恶化的主要原因。     

The effect of ambient temperature on forager sound production and thoracic temperature in the stingless bee, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melipona panamica</Emphasis>

Foragers of the stingless bees genus Melipona may produce intranidal sounds that are correlated with food location and quality. In this study, we provide the first detailed analysis of pulsed sounds produced by Melipona panamica foragers while feeding on a carbohydrate food source. We trained foragers to a 2.5-M sucrose feeder under normal, ambient temperature (23–33°C) and lower temperature (11–25°C) conditions. We recorded forager sounds under both conditions and tested the effect of temperature of the thorax, feeder plate, and air on sound temporal characteristics. Forager energetic expenditure and the number of pulses per visit were significantly higher in the cold condition than in the normal condition. Foragers spent a longer time at the feeder under the cold condition than during the normal condition. Interpulse durations were significantly shorter in the cold condition than in the normal condition and became progressively and significantly shorter at the end of each performance. Thus, pulse production increased before departure. Foragers increased their thoracic temperatures above ambient at all experimental air temperatures. Under chilled conditions, foragers had a significantly greater difference between thorax temperature and ambient air temperature than under normal conditions. Foragers must achieve a minimum flight muscle temperature before take-off, and thus forager sounds may be linked to muscle warm-up.     

Experimental Investigation on The Igniting Fire Sources in Wildland Fire

试图通过试验,研究从林火点火源的红外辐射谱特性确定火焰性质的方法。为此,研制了模拟试验台,可以同时测定各特征火焰区的红外辐射谱和平均温度。用普朗克定律和维恩位移定律对试验数据进行了处理。对三种典型的引火源（烟头、树枝和纸）进行研究的结果表明：引火源的辐射特征波长在１．１－２．１ｕｍ,３．８－４．０ｕｍ,７．８－８．２ｕｍ波段内分布,此波长与各火焰区的特征温度存在对应关系。辐射温度随波长变化。在短波长处较低,此结果与将火焰辐射处理成黑体辐射时的普朗克定律大致相符     

高温煤气脱硫剂研究进展

系统地介绍了国外高温煤气脱硫剂的研究开发现状,指出我国重点研究开发铁系、锰系、锌系、铜系和钙系脱硫剂。     

嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用

利用嗜热微生物处理高温排放废水是一项很有前任的废水处理技术，文章对嗜热微生物好氧处理废水及厌氧处理废水的发展进程和研究现状做了综述，例举了嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用，并论证了一定工艺条件下高温废水处理的可行性和优越性；最后对嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用前景作了展望。     

Accounting for time in Mitigating Global Warming through land-use change and forestry

Many proposed activities formitigating global warming in the land-use change and forestry(LUCF) sector differ from measures to avoid fossilfuel emissions because carbon (C) may be held out ofthe atmosphere only temporarily. In addition, thetiming of the effects is usually different. Many LUCFactivities alter C fluxes to and from the atmosphereseveral decades into the future, whereas fossil fuelemissions avoidance has immediate effects. Non-CO₂ greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are animportant part of emissions from deforestation inlow-latitude regions, also pose complications forcomparisons between fossil fuel and LUCF, since themechanism generally used to compare these gases(global warming potentials) assumes simultaneousemissions. A common numeraire is needed to expressglobal warming mitigation benefits of different kindsof projects, such as fossil fuel emissions reduction,C sequestration in forest plantations, avoideddeforestation by creating protected areas and throughpolicy changes to slow rates of land-use changes suchas clearing. Megagram (Mg)-year (also known as`ton-year') accounting provides a mechanism forexpressing the benefits of activities such as these ona consistent basis. One can calculate the atmosphericload of each GHG that will be present in each year,expressed as C in the form of CO₂ and itsinstantaneous impact equivalent contributed by othergases. The atmospheric load of CO₂-equivalent Cpresent over a time horizon is a possible indicator ofthe climatic impact of the emission that placed thisload in the atmosphere. Conversely, this index alsoprovides a measure of the benefit of notproducing the emission. One accounting methodcompares sequestered CO₂ in trees with theCO₂ that would be in the atmosphere had thesequestration project not been undertaken, whileanother method (used in this paper) compares theatmospheric load of C (or equivalent in non-CO₂GHGs) in both project and no-project scenarios.Time preference, expressed by means of a discount rateon C, can be applied to Mg-year equivalencecalculations to allow societal decisions regarding thevalue of time to be integrated into the system forcalculating global warming impacts and benefits. Giving a high value to time, either by raising thediscount rate or by shortening the time horizon,increases the value attributed to temporarysequestration (such as many forest plantationprojects). A high value for time also favorsmitigation measures that have rapid effects (such asslowing deforestation rates) as compared to measuresthat only affect emissions years in the future (suchas creating protected areas in countries with largeareas of remaining forest). Decisions on temporalissues will guide mitigation efforts towards optionsthat may or may not be desirable on the basis ofsocial and environmental effects in spheres other thanglobal warming. How sustainable development criteriaare incorporated into the approval and creditingsystems for activities under the Kyoto Protocol willdetermine the overall environmental and social impactsof pending decisions on temporal issues.     

热污染对陡河水库鱼类及其水环境的影响

研究表明,热污染对水环境影响主要表现在水温的频繁变化、水平和纵向上温差明显以及改变水生物的群落结构.寄生虫感染率增加,冷热冲击对胚胎发育的危害和浮游生物群落变化形成的饵料基础是影响鱼类数量和生长的重要因素,鱼类在群落中的生态位特点则决定着对各种变化的反应结果.     

吸附分离技术在大气污染防治中的应用研究

简述了硝酸尾气、黄磷尾气等污染物中NOχ、SO2、P、As、PH3、CO对生态环境产生的危害，及采用吸附分离技术在治理气体污染物中的应用。     

不同环境下包装容器内温湿度变化试验研究

目的 探究不同环境下密闭容器内微环境的变化规律.方法 通过连续采集室内存放、户外遮盖、户外暴露3个包装容器内外11个监测点的温湿度数据,对比分析不同容器内温度、湿度的分布与变化规律.结果 户外容器日间温度梯度大,昼夜温差高达30℃,温度波动远大于室内容器的1.1℃,篷布遮盖能降低20％的温度波动.容器内相对湿度不受环境湿度影响,但与温度强烈负相关.结论 太阳辐射的热效应对包装容器内温湿度的变化与分布有决定性影响,应加强防护措施.