解读《温室气体自愿减排交易管理暂行办法》

本文对发改委颁布的（《温室气体自愿减排交易管理暂行办法》进行了解读、分析其特点并指出尚需进一步解决的问题。     

加拿大浸入式教学对我国高职英语教学改革的启示

我国高职院校存在着学生英语水平较差、师资力量薄弱、课堂教学模式与教学大纲偏差的现状。通过探讨“浸入式”教学法的概念、分类及原则,并结合我国高职院校英语教学的现状,探讨“浸入式”英语教学法在我国高职院校实施的途径：从观念上重新认识浸入式教学模式,努力营造浸入式英语学习和教学的环境,引进既精通专业知识,又能熟练运用英语进行课堂授课的师资力量,组织编写适合高职院校浸入式英语教学的教材。     

农田面源污染团队式治理方法初探

我国农田面源污染的环境经济治理方式还不健全,急需适应我国农业特征的面源污染治理手段。现阶段环境税费政策通过对农业投入的控制,容易影响农户农业生产的积极性,而且还存在一定的技术难度和设备成本约束。团队式治理方法是一种更直接的面源污染监管手段,通过将农户组成团队,比管理单个农户节约成本;通过一定的奖惩措施激励农户主动调整污染排放水平;给定的合约条件约束了农户在重复博弈下的"搭便车"行为,保证了团队的存续。     

教师人文素养修炼的再思考

人文素养是以人文知识、人文态度和人文精神为构成要素的人的素质。教师修炼人文素养,可以促进专业发展,提升师德水平。修炼的途径和方法包括更新理念、广泛阅读、提升人格、健康心理等。     

秦皇岛市城镇水土保持工作主要做法及成效分析

随着城镇建设的迅猛发展,项目开发建设占用大量具有生态功能的地表,人为造成的水土流失日趋严重,因此做好城镇水土保持工作至关重要。秦皇岛市从2004年起通过制定规划、建立工作体系、强化预防监督、加强宣传等措施,水土保持工作取得了显著成效:提高了全民水保法制观念,规范了城镇建设项目管理工作,城郊水土流失治理度达90%以上,城区碧水工程已基本完成,实施了城市雨水资源利用试点工程,城市区人均绿地面积达到12 m2,森林覆盖率达40%以上。     

石油化工装置安全距离确定方法研究

为确定石油化工装置与暴露目标间的合理安全距离,对国内外安全距离确定方法进行研究,以个体风险标准值和不同危害的伤害阈值为基础,提出确定石油化工装置与暴露目标间安全距离的基本原则。在此基础上,将确定性分析方法和基于风险的方法进行结合,形成石油化工装置与暴露目标安全距离的评估方法。该方法利用暴露目标的个体风险标准选择危害事件,并定义安全距离种类,根据"伤害标准"或"无伤害标准",采取确定性分析方法的方式,确定危害事件与不同暴露目标间的安全距离。应用示例展示该方法在石油化工装置安全距离确定中的应用。     

Antecedents and outcomes of contingent workers' attitudes toward their temporary help services firm: A unit level longitudinal investigation

This study explored the unit‐level antecedents and outcomes of contingent workers' attitudes toward their temporary help services (THS) firm. It was proposed that (a) client‐orientation levels of the THS firm's full‐time staff would influence the level of support received by contingent workers, (b) staff supportiveness would be reciprocated by these workers in the form of favorable firm‐directed attitudes, and (c) contingent workers' attitudes toward the THS firm would influence two unit‐level outcomes—client reported service failure, and voluntary turnover rates of THS staff. Support was found for all the hypothesized relationships in a longitudinal study utilizing survey data gathered from 1324 full‐time employees, 570 contingent workers, and 1951 clients; and archival data on staff turnover from 46 strategic business units (SBUs) of a THS firm. These results are discussed within the context of employee–organization relationship (EOR), contingent workforce, and service management literatures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Response of balanced network models to large-scale perturbation: Implications for evaluating the role of small pelagics in the Gulf of Maine

Exploring the response of an ecosystem, and subsequent tradeoffs among its biological community, to human perturbations remains a key challenge for the implementation of an ecosystem approaches to fisheries (EAF). To address this and related issues, we developed two network (or energy budget) models, Ecopath and Econetwrk, for the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. These models included 31 network “nodes” or biomass state variables across a broad range of trophic levels, with the present emphasis to particularly elucidate the role of small pelagics. After initial network balancing, various perturbation scenarios were evaluated to explore how potential changes to different fish, fisheries and lower trophic levels can affect model outputs. Categorically across all scenarios and interpretations thereof, there was minimal change at the second trophic levels and most of the “rebalancing” after a perturbation occurred via alteration of the diet matrix. Yet the model results from perturbations to a balanced energy budget fall into one of three categories. First, some model results were intuitive and in obvious agreement with established ecological and fishing theory. Second, some model results were counter-intuitive upon initial observation, seemingly contradictory to known ecological and fishing theory; but upon further examination the results were explainable given the constraints of an equilibrium energy budget. Finally, some results were counter-intuitive and difficult to reconcile with theory or further examination of equilibrium constraints. A detailed accounting of biomass flows for example scenarios explores some of the non-intuitive results more rigorously. Collectively these results imply a need to carefully track biomass flows and results of any given perturbation and to critically evaluate the conditions under which a new equilibrium is obtained for these types of models, which has implications for dynamic simulations based off of them. Given these caveats, the role of small pelagics as a prominent component of this ecosystem remains a robust conclusion. We discuss how one might use this approach in the context of further developing an EAF, recognizing that a more holistic, integrated perspective will be required as we continue to evaluate tradeoffs among marine biological communities.     

Environmental care in agricultural catchments: Toward the communicative catchment

Substantial land degradation of agricultural catchments in Australia has resulted from the importation of European farming methods and the large-scale clearing of land. Rural communities are now being encouraged by government to take responsibility for environmental care. The importance of community involvement is supported by the view that environmental problems are a function of interactions between people and their environment. It is suggested that the commonly held view that community groups cannot care for their resources is due to inappropriate social institutions rather that any inherent disability in people. The communicative catchment is developed as a vision for environmental care into the future. This concept emerges from a critique of resource management through the catchment metaphors of the reduced, mechanical, and the complex, evolving catchment, which reflect the development of systemic and people-centered approaches to environmental care. The communicative catchment is one where both community and resource managers participate collaboratively in environmental care. A methodology based on action research and systemic thinking (systemic action research) is proposed as a way of moving towards the communicative catchment of the future. Action research is a way of taking action in organizations and communities that is participative and informed by theory, while systemic thinking takes into account the interconnections and relationships between social and natural worlds. The proposed vision, methodology, and practical operating principles stem from involvement in an action research project looking at extension strategies for the implementation of total catchment management in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales.     

我国发展循环经济的途径探讨

循环经济发展模式是传统发展范式的根本性变革,是我国可持续发展战略的有效实施途径,而目前我国循环经济工作尚处于起步阶段,其理论研究和实施途径都需要进一步的探索.详细分析了政府、企业和社会公众机制在发展循环经济中的主要作用和各自努力途径,提出了我国循环经济工作的切实、有效推行,需要政府主导营造环境,需要企业实施生态化转型构建生态型企业以及公众和NGO的积极参与.